Zinc thin films

K. Aslan, M. J. Previte, Y. Zhang, and C. D. Geddes. Surface plasmon coupled fluorescence in the ultraviolet and visible spectral regions using zinc thin films Analytical chemistry, 2008, 80, 7304-7312. 

Feng SW, Nainaparampil JJ, Tabet MF, Urban FK (1994) Gold and zinc thin films deposited by the ionized cluster beam technique. Thin Solid Films 253 402-406... 

Various other soft materials without the layer—lattice stmcture are used as soHd lubricants (58), eg, basic white lead or lead carbonate [598-63-0] used in thread compounds, lime [1305-78-8] as a carrier in wire drawing, talc [14807-96-6] and bentonite [1302-78-9] as fillers for grease for cable pulling, and zinc oxide [1314-13-2] in high load capacity greases. Graphite fluoride is effective as a thin-film lubricant up to 400°C and is especially useful with a suitable binder such as polyimide varnish (59). Boric acid has been shown to have promise as a self-replenishing soHd composite (60). 

Copper Sulfide—Cadmium Sulfide. This thin-film solar cell was used in early aerospace experiments dating back to 1955. The Cu S band gap is ca 1.2 eV. Various methods of fabricating thin-film solar cells from Cu S/CdS materials exist. The most common method is based on a simple process of serially overcoating a metal substrate, eg, copper (16). The substrate first is coated with zinc which serves as an ohmic contact between the copper and a 30-p.m thick, vapor-deposited layer of polycrystaUine CdS. A layer is then formed on the CdS base by dipping the unit into hot cuprous chloride, followed by heat-treating it in air. A heterojunction then exists between the CdS and Cu S layers. 

Various strategies are employed to prevent corrosion. The use of paint as a protective coating is described in our chapter introduction. A metal surface can also be protected by coating it with a thin film of a second metal. When the second metal is easier to oxidize than the first, the process is galvanization. Objects made of iron, including automobile bodies and steel girders, are dipped in molten zinc to provide sacrificial coatings. If a scratch penetrates the zinc film, the iron is still protected because zinc oxidizes preferentially ... 

C19-0031. Tin cans are made of iron, coated with a thin film of tin. After a break occurs in the film, a tin can corrodes much more rapidly than zinc-coated iron. Using standard reduction potentials, explain this... 

Equilibria considerations on solution-grown zinc chalcogenide compounds have been put forward by Chaparro [28] who examined the chemical and electrochemical reactivity of solutions appropriate for deposition of ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe (and the oxide ZnO) in order to explain the results of recipes normally used for the growth of such thin films. The author compared different reaction possibilities and analyzed the composition of solutions containing zinc cations, ammonia, hydrazine, chalcogen anions, and dissolved oxygen, at 25 °C, by means of thermodynamic diagrams, applicable for concentrations usually employed in most studies. 

The chemical bath deposition of polycrystalline, zinc blende HgSe thin films on TO glass from aqueous alkaline medium has been reported [120]. Examples of electrodeposited ternary mercury compounds will be discussed in the next section. 

Sanders BW, Kitai AH (1990) The electrodeposition of thin film zinc sulphide from thiosulphate solution. J Cryst Growth 100 405 10... 

Natarajan C, Sharon M, Levy-Clement C, Neumann-SpaUart M (1995) Electrochemical deposition of n-zinc mercury selenide thin films. Thin Solid Films 257 46-53 Weiss G (1946) Ann Chim 1 446. 

Yamaguchi K, YoshidaT, Lincot D, MinouraH (2003) Mechanistic study of chemical deposition of ZnS thin films from aqueous solutions containing zinc acetate and thioacetamide by comparison with homogeneous precipitation. J Phys Chem B 107 387-397... 

A similar one-step process was employed successfully [66] to prepare well-crystallized CdS thin films of optical quality on Au(lll) from an aqueous solution of CdSOa, EDTA, and Na2S at room temperature. A phase transition from cubic (zinc blende) to hexagonal (wurtzite) CdS structure was observed with decreasing pH below 5, while highly preferential orientation along [11.0] directions for the... 

Photoelectrochemical studies with ternary chalcogenide systems containing zinc as one of the components have been published however, such investigations on bulk or thin film binary ZnS and ZnTe electrodes are practically absent from the literature or may be found fragmentary in electrosynthesis-oriented works. ZnTe has been studied as a possible candidate for a photocathode in the photoelectrochemical production of hydrogen. Related information will be given in the relevant section. 

It was shown in a number of works [29] that impurity conductivity of thin zinc oxide films are extremely sensitive to adsorption of atoms of various metals (see Chapters 2 and 3). Using this feature of oxide films, we first employed the sensor method to study evaporation of superstechiometric atoms of metals from metal oxide surfaces, zinc oxide in particular [30]. 

The analyzer contains three sensitive elements (thin films of zinc oxide) two elements are used in the measurements, whereas the third one is isolated hrom the atmosphere and serves to compensate for time and temperature drifts and to exclude the influence from molecular components of the environment. 

An experiment has shown that thin films prepared of various materials (Co, C03O4, Ag, Ti02, ZnO) feature C>2( Aj ) sensitivity. The highest sensitivity, 2 to 3 orders of magnitude above the sensitivity of calorimetric methods, is featured by the film prepared of partially reduced zinc oxide. During interaction with such films, the 02( ) behave as... 

These studies were carried out on industrially manufactured piezoquartz resonators with an AT-cut featuring silver thin-film electrodes. Oscillations with a frequency of 10 MHz (resonant frequency) were generated by generator of the TKG-3 type. The sensor of silver atoms (films of zinc oxide) were positioned in the same vial with resonator, the sensor was positioned parallel to the resonator plane the distance between them was about 5 mm. Prior to the experiment the vial containing resonator and sensor was heated up to 473 K and kept at above... 

Fouad, O.A., Ismail, A.A., Zaki, Z.I. and Mohamed, R.M. (2006) Zinc oxide thin films prepared by thermal evaporation deposition and its photocatalytic activity. Applied Catalysis B Environmental, 62, 144-149. 

Precursors that have been prepared include a number of bis(dialkyldithio-/diselenocarbamato) cadmium(II)/zinc(II) compounds of the type [M CNRR ) ], (E = S, Se) in which the alkyl substituents are the same (R = R = Me, Et, Pr, Pr1) or different (R = Me, Et R = Hex11, Bun) with the latter giving cleaner film deposition routes (described in the earlier section for thin-film growth). 

Zinc metal is very reactive chemically. Zinc metal strips are often used as the plates in wet cell batteries. Galvanized iron is iron that has been coated with a thin film of zinc metal to protect it from corrosion. Many garbage cans and metal buckets are made of galvanized iron. 

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