Chalcogenides ternary

Valence-precise Metal Chalcogenides. Ternary Phases M/M/Q... 

Arunkumar Panneerselvam and Mark Green Introduction II-VI chalcogenides Transition metal chalcogenides Copper chalcogenides IV-VI chalcogenides Ternary materials... 

Lower formal oxidation states are stabilized, however, by M-M bonding in ternary chalcogenides such as M MeQn, M4M6Q13 (M = alkali metal M = Re, Tc Q = S, Se) and the recently reported M gMeS. Their structures are all based on the face-capped, octahedral MeXg cluster unit found in Chevrel phases (p. 1018) and in the dihalides of Mo and W... 

Fig. 1. Chalcogenide halides in ternary systems having the components the Group IB elements Cu, Ag, and Au, the chalcogens S, Se, and Te, and the halogens Cl, Br, and I, They are indicated as M , Y, and X ", respectively. (Redrawn from A. Rabenau, H. Rau, and G. Rosenstein, J. Less-Common Metals 21, 395 (1970), Fig. 4, p. 401.)...

Examples of known ternary (and quaternary) chalcogenide compounds, classified according to a formal valence combination scheme, are given in Table 1.4. These compounds were collected from a compilation of Madelung [40] regarding semiconductor materials. To be sure, numerous other systems exist. Some important ternary compounds or classes will be considered in the relevant sections of the present chapter. 

Table 1.4 Some ternary (and quaternary) semiconductor chalcogenides...

The platinum group metals form several binary, pseudo-binary, and ternary chalcogenides. The outstanding features of these compounds as related to catalysis and materials science have been widely reported and reviewed [88],... 

Numerous ternary systems are known for II-VI structures incorporating elements from other groups of the Periodic Table. One example is the Zn-Fe-S system Zn(II) and Fe(II) may substimte each other in chalcogenide structures as both are divalent and have similar radii. The cubic polymorphs of ZnS and FeS have almost identical lattice constant a = 5.3 A) and form solid solutions in the entire range of composition. The optical band gap of these alloys varies (rather anomalously) within the limits of the ZnS (3.6 eV) and FeS (0.95 eV) values. The properties of Zn Fei-xS are well suited for thin film heterojunction-based solar cells as well as for photoluminescent and electroluminescent devices. 

Most commonly available 12-16 binary and ternary chalcogenides ... 

Narducd AA, Ibers JA (1998) Ternary and quaternary uranium and thorium chalcogenides. Chem Mater 10 2811-2823... 

Li J, Badding ME, DiSalvo FJ (1992) New layered ternary niobium teUurides Synthesis, structure, and properties of NbMTe2 (M = Fe, Co). Inorg Chem 31 1050-1054 Tremel W, Kleinke H, Derstroff V, Reisner C (1995) Transition metal chalcogenides New views on an old topic. J Alloy Compd 219 73-82... 

Chevrel R, Gougeon P, Potel M, Sergent M (1985) Ternary molybdenum chalcogenides A route to new extended clusters. J Solid State Chem 57 25-33... 

Starodub VA (1999) Ternary and quaternary chalcogenides of Group IB elements. Rus Chem Rev 68 801-820... 

Low-temperature solvents are not readily available for many refractory compounds and semiconductors of interest. Molten salt electrolysis is utilized in many instances, as for the synthesis and deposition of elemental materials such as Al, Si, and also a wide variety of binary and ternary compounds such as borides, carbides, silicides, phosphides, arsenides, and sulfides, and the semiconductors SiC, GaAs, and GaP and InP [16], A few available reports regarding the metal chalcogenides examined in this chapter will be addressed in the respective sections. Let us note here that halide fluxes provide a good reaction medium for the crystal growth of refractory compounds. A wide spectrum of alkali and alkaline earth halides provides... 

In the following, selected results will be presented on the conventional electrochemical synthesis of metal chalcogenide binary and ternary systems, conducted by employing variants of the methods outlined in the previous sections. A brief account of chemical bath deposition principles exemplified will be addressed at the end of this chapter, as being closely related to electrochemical deposition of thin films. 

Photoelectrochemical studies with ternary chalcogenide systems containing zinc as one of the components have been published however, such investigations on bulk or thin film binary ZnS and ZnTe electrodes are practically absent from the literature or may be found fragmentary in electrosynthesis-oriented works. ZnTe has been studied as a possible candidate for a photocathode in the photoelectrochemical production of hydrogen. Related information will be given in the relevant section. 

Mirovsky Y, Tenne R, Cahen D, Sawatzky G, Polak M (1985) Ternary chalcogenide-based photoelectrochemical cells V. Surface Analyses of the CulnX2/aqueous polysulfide interface (X = S, Se) by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Absence of Se/S exchange in the CulnSe2/Sn system. J Electrochem Soc 132 1070-1076... 

Cahen D, Mirovsky Y (1985) Ternary Chalcogenide-Based Photoelectrochemical cells. 6. Is There a Thermodynamic Explanation for the Output Stability of CulnS2 and CulnSe2 Photoanodes J Phys Chem 89 2818-2827... 

Tell B, Wagner S, Kasper HM (1977) Ionic conduction in ternary chalcogenides. J Electrochem Soc 124 536-537... 

Lee K, Zhang L, Zhang J (2007) Ternary non-noble mefal chalcogenide (W-Co-Se) as electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. Electrochem Commun 9 1704-1708... 

Ni3Sn2S2 Valence states of nickel, tin, and sulfur in the ternary chalcogenide, and " Sn Mossbauer investigations, XPS and band structure calculations... 

The situation is very similar in the Chevrel phases. These are ternary molybdenum chalcogenides A,.[Mo6Xg] (A = metal, X = S, Se) that have attracted much attention because of their physical properties, especially as superconductors. The parent compound is PbMo6Sg it contains Mo6Sg clusters that are linked with each other in such a way that the free coordination sites of one cluster are occupied by sulfur atoms of adjacent clusters (Fig. 13.9). The electric properties of Chevrel phases depend on the number of valence electrons. With 24 electrons per cluster (one electron pair for each edge of the... 

R. Chevrel, Chemistry and structure of ternary molybdenum chalcogenides. Top. Curr. Phys. 32 (1982) 5. 

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