Zeneca Group

AstraZeneca is formed from the merger of two drug companies, Swedish AB and the British Zeneca Group. 

E-mail web form Phone + 44 20 7304 5000 15 Stanhope Gate London W1K 1LN United Kingdom A company resulting from the merger of Swedish AB and the British Zeneca Group in 1999, it is the maker of Arimidex for treatment of certain types of breast cancer, Crestor for high cholesterol, and Nexium (the purple pill) for heartburn relief. 

Michael Pragnell is chief executive officer and member of the board of Syngenta. Previously he was a director of AstraZeneca and of Zeneca Group, having also worked for 20 years at Cour-taulds in a number of senior positions. He has a degree in modern languages from the University of Oxford and an MBA from INSEAD. 

Extension of the work in the Zeneca group around this series led to ZD4407 (13), which is... 

Avecia, a former part of the Zeneca Group, developed a range of cheap and highly active titanium- or vanadium-based salen catalysts called CACHy catalysts (Scheme 23). They are based on Jacobsen s salen technology, but they are much more reactive and can, for example, be used in concentrations as low as 0.1 mol% in the cyanation of aryl aldehydes. The catalysts show similar reactivity with alkyl aldehydes and ketones and are applicable to the synthesis of the commercially important mandelic acid derivatives. 

Chemical firms have played a prominent role in the wave of international M As, accounting for some of the biggest international mergers of the last decade. Recent examples include British Petroleum-Amoco and Exxon-Mobil in the petroleum industry and Astra-Zeneca Group and Pfizer-Wamer Lambert in pharmaceuticals. Among the top ten industries for cross-border M As in 1998, Oil and Gas Extraction and Chemical and Pharmaceuticals industries rank 1st and 7th, respectively (Kang and Johansson (2000)). 

Production of poly(3HB-co-3HV) co-polymer in plants has recently been demonstrated by the PHA group of Monsanto [27], which acquired the PHA business of Zeneca in 1996. In the commercial production of poly(3HB-co-3HV) from R. eutropha, propionate is added to the growth media in order to create an intracellular pool of propionyl-CoA which can be condensed to acetyl-CoA to form 3-ketovaleryl-CoA. The 3-ketovaleryl-CoA is then reduced by the aceto-acetyl-CoA reductase to give 3-hydroxyvaleryl-CoA, which is co-polymerized with 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA to synthesize poly(3HB-co-3HV) (Fig. 1). For the synthesis of poly(3HB-co-3HV) in plants, it was thus necessary to create an endogenous pool of propionyl-CoA which could be used by the PHA pathway. 

We thank the students and postdoctoral fellows whose efforts and enthusiasm led to the work from our group described herein. We also thank the organizations that generously support our work in this area (EPSRC, Pfizer, GlaxoWelcome (now GSK), and Zeneca (now AstraZeneca)). 

Very recently, the pharmaceutical group Astra-Zeneca proposed a screening strategy involving the use of both polysaccharide and macrocyclic glycopeptide columns. It is proposed to screen the compounds on seven different columns Chiralcel OD-H, Chiralpak AD, Chiralpak AS, Chiralcel... 

It is also possible to generate microcapsules through interfacial polymerization using only one monomer to form the shell. In this class of encapsulations, polymerization must be performed with a surface-active catalyst, a temperature increase, or some other surface chemistry. Herbert Scher of Zeneca Ag Products (formerly Stauffer Chemical Company) developed an excellent example of the latter class of shell formation (Scher 1981 Scher et al. 1998). He used monomers featuring isocyanate groups, like poly(methylene)-poly(phenylisocyanate) (PMPPI), where the isocyanate reacts with water to reveal a free primary amine. Dissolved in the oil-dispersed phase of an oil-in-water emulsion, this monomer contacts water only at the phase boundary. The primary amine can then react with isocyanates to form a polyurea shell. Scher used this technique to encapsulate pesticides, which in their free state would be too volatile or toxic, and to control the rate of pesticide release. 

We have also noticed renewed interest in the use and synthesis in agrochemicals containing the pentafluorosulfanyl group, first in the early 1990s, mostly from work done at Zeneca in the UK. In those early patents, the -CF3 group was replaced with - SF5 in known diphenyl ether herbicides and in insecticides such... 

In the late 1990s he was involved in the installation and commissioning of process scale HPLC at Zeneca Pharmaceuticals. During 18 years with CRB, ICI, Zeneca and Avecia he was instrumental in establishing the technique of preparative HPLC within the company and served 11 years as the secretary of the company s Process Scale Chromatography Group. 

Budesonide was originally developed by Astra Zeneca, but is now a generic compound. It exhibits prolonged residence in the lung tissues as a consequence of its increased lipophilic character resulting from the acetal group. 

Within the pharmaceutical industry itself, the wish of each company s management to see its firm reach what is considered a critical size remained a constant feature as the century came to an end and the new millennium began. It led to new national and transnational mergers. In France, Sanofi (Elf Aquitaine) merged with Synthelabo (L Oreal) and Laboratoires Pierre Fabre with BioMerieux. Elsewhere the Swedish Astra and the British Zeneca combined their operations Pharmacia-Upjohn took control of Monsanto and two giant firms, Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham, announced their intention to combine their activities, which would lead to a group with a turnover of 25 billion, exceeded only by Pfizer after its acquisition of Warner Lambert. 

Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, ZENECA Pharmaceuticals Group, a Business Unit of ZENECA Inc., 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington, DE19897, US.A. 

GRC Board of Trustees, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chemical Computing Group, DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical, IBM, R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Molecular Simulations Inc., Novartis, Rohm and Haas, Tripos, Inc., and Zeneca... 

The research by the Pfizer group resulted in a paradigm shift of thinking for the medicinal chemist [12] and has been cited well over a thousand times in the literature [9], Subsequently, similar analysis was carried out by scientists at other major pharmaceutical companies such as GSK [11], Boehringer Ingelheim [13], Astra Zeneca [14], Bayer [15] and Lilly [16], and very similar conclusions were formulated. From these further investigations, two notable extensions [11] to the R05 (see Table 11.1) were established and are now widely used as additional predictive filters to identify suitable drug-like structures. 

The (.R)-3-hydroxy-butyrate (Fig. 19-1), which is responsible for the stereochemistry of the methyl group in the sulfone ring, can be produced by depolymerization of biopolymers, e. g. Biopol from Zeneca. This is a natural polyester produced by some microorganisms as a storage compound. 

Medicines-The Discovery Process, Zeneca Pharmaceuticals Education Liaison Group, London. 

Picoxystrobin was developed by Zeneca Agrochemicals (now Syngenta AG) and first registered in 2001. Picoxystrobin is prepared as shown in Scheme 11.7. Coupling the 2-hydroxypyridine 24 with corresponding benzyl chloride 25 under phase-transfer conditions followed by introduction of the methoxymethylene moiety yields picoxystrobin. The introduction of the trifluoromethyl group of 24 is achieved by chlorination of 2-picoline (23) followed by fluorination using HF and hydrolysis. 

For example, the fluorine atom was introduced [17] into the broad-spectrum fungicide flutriafol (7 1984, Impact , ICI/Zeneca, now Syngenta) [18] as a chemical isostere of the tertiary hydroxy group (-OH -F, isoelectronic), which is essential for the fungicidal activity of the triazole (Fig. 35.3). 

This study was supported in part by the Zeneca Pharmaceuticals Group. 

Structural Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Facility, Zeneca Pharmaceuticals Group, Wilmington 19897, Delaware, USA... 

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