Yeasts saccharomyces cerevisiae

Alcoholic Fermentation. Certain types of starchy biomass such as com and high sugar crops are readily converted to ethanol under anaerobic fermentation conditions ia the presence of specific yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisia and other organisms (Fig. 6). However, alcohoHc fermentation of other types of biomass, such as wood and municipal wastes that contain high concentrations of cellulose, can be performed ia high yield only after the ceUulosics are converted to sugar concentrates by acid- or enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis ... 

Trehalose is particularly well-suited for this purpose and has been shown to be superior to other polyhydroxy compounds, especially at low concentrations. Support for this novel idea comes from studies by P. A. Attfield, which show that trehalose levels in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae increase significandy during exposure to high salt and high growth temperatures—the same conditions that elicit the production of heat-shock proteins ... 

If a phylogenetic comparison is made of the 16S-Iike rRNAs from an archae-bacterium Halobacterium volcanii), a eubacterium E. coli), and a eukaryote (the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae), a striking similarity in secondary structure emerges (Figure 12.40). Remarkably, these secondary structures are similar despite the fact that the nucleotide sequences of these rRNAs themselves exhibit a low degree of similarity. Apparently, evolution is acting at the level of rRNA secondary structure, not rRNA nucleotide sequence. Similar conserved folding patterns are seen for the 23S-Iike and 5S-Iike rRNAs that reside in the... 

Alternative Step D Reduction with a Reductate — Sucrose (1 kg) is dissolved in water (9 liters) in a 20-liter bottle equipped with a gas trap. Baker s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 1 kg) is made into a paste with water (1 liter) and added to the sucrose solution with stirring. After lively evolution of gas begins (within 1 to 3 hours), 3-morpholino-4-(3-tert-butylamino-2-oxopropoxy)-1,2,5-thiadiazole hydrogen maleate [1.35 mols, prepared by reaction of the 3-morpholino-4-(3-tert-butylamino-2-oxopropoxy)-1,2,5-thiadiazole with an equimolar quantity of maleic acid in tetrahydrofuran]. The mixture is allowed to stand until fermentation subsides, after which the bottle is kept in a 32°C incubator until all fermentation has ended (in approximately 1 to 3 days). The yeast is filtered off with addition of diatomaceous earth and the filtrate is evaporated to dryness to give S-3-mor-pholino-4/3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy)-1,2,5-thiadiazole, MP 195° to 198°C (as hydrogen maleate), according to U.S. Patent 3,619,370. 

For preparative purposes fermenting baker s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is commonly used instead of a purified enzyme preparation. However, isolated pyruvate decarboxylates can also be used30. In this context, the most important substrate is benzaldehyde31 which is converted by n-glucosc fermenting yeast to (7 )-l-hydroxy-l-phenyl-2-propanone. This conversion has gained considerable industrial importance because ( )-l-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2-propanonc is an important precursor for the synthesis of (-)-cphedrin. 

Studies in yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizo-saccharomyces pombe), slime mould (,Dictyostelium discoideum), worm (Caenorhabditis elegans), fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and mammalian systems have all contributed to our understanding of TOR signalling. 

In the reduction of racemic /i-ketosulphoxides (e.g. 464a) with actively fermenting yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) the enantiomers are reduced at sufficiently different rates to allow isolation of optically active /1-hydroxy sulphoxide 524 and unreacted optically active /1-ketosulphoxide with at least 95% optical purity617,618 (equation 323). 

The use of MS-MS to provide sequence information has been described [13] for the study of proteins extracted from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The procedure was somewhat complex and consisted of the following steps ... 

L Vova TS. 1984. [Study of the mutagenic effect of 5 promising pesticides in mouse bone marrow cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and in the yeast Saccharomyces-cerevisiae.] Tsitol Genet 18 455-457. (Russian)... 

In current industrial practice, benzaldehyde is added to fermenting baker s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with resultant PAC production occurring from the yeast-derived pyruvate. Typically PAC concentrations of 12-15 g F are produced at yields of 65-70% theoretical in a 10-12 h biotransformation process. [2], Appreciable concentrations of benzyl alcohol are produced as by-product due to oxidoreductase activity in the fermentative yeast. 

Herskowitz I., Rine J. Strathem J.N. (1992) Mating-type determination and mating-type interconversion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In The Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. vol. 2, Gene Expression (eds E.W. Jones, J.R. Pringle J.R. Broach), pp. 583-656. Cold Spring Harbor, NY Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. 

Kron S.J., Styles C.A. Fink GR. (1994) Symmehic cell division in pseudohyphae of die yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MolBiol Cell, 5, 1003-1022. 

Kluiyama H. Slaughter J.C. (1995) Control of cell morphology of die yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by nutrient limitation in continuous culture. LettApplMicrobiol, 20, 37-40. 

The computational approach described above has been applied to the bakers yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae) genome, and approximately 50 known and... 

It was tempting to base the study of membrane transport in eukaryotic cells on similar simple principles. For this purpose, as well as for molecular biology as a whole, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae appeared to be the best suited organism. From early times on, this yeast has occupied a privileged place for mankind. Due to... 

Fitch, I., Dahmann, C., Surana, U., Amon, A., Nasmyth, K., Goetsch, L., Byers, B., and Futcher, B. (1992). Characterization of four B-type cyclin genes of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Biol. Cell 3 805-818. 

Fosburg, S. L., and Nurse, P. (1991). Cell cycle regulation in the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccaromycespombe. Annu, Rev. Cell Biol. 7 227-256. 

Spellman, P. T., Sherlock, G., Zhang, M. Q., Iyer, V. R., Anders, K., Eisen, M. B., Brown, P. O., Bot-stein, D. and Futcher, B. (1998), Comprehensive identification of cell cycle-regulated genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by microarray hybridization , Mol Biol. Cell, 9, 3273-3297. 

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an extremely attractive eukaryotic model system for the study of genes involved in iron metabolism. This is because of its short generation time, the ease with which relatively large amounts of... 

There are numerous protocols for polysomal gradients preparations that differ mainly at the step for harvesting the cells, and the gradient composition and separation times. The protocol presented later was optimized for isolation of polysomal mRNA from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, yet many steps will be similar to other eukaryotes and the procedure can easily be modified for other organisms. We will use this protocol as a template on which we will indicate and highlight points that are critical for the microarray analysis. Generally, the RNA isolated by this protocol can be used for analysis by DNA microarray, Northern blot, or RT-PCR. 

Yeast Insoluble Polysaccharide. The structure of an insoluble polysaccharide from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated by Zechmeister and Toth,90a and also by Hassid, Joslyn and McCready.904 The isolation904 of 2,4,6-trimethyl-D-glucose as the sole product of the hydrolysis of the methylated polysaccharide indicated a chain of gluco-pyranose units joined by 1,3-glucosidic linkages. 

Arni P. 1985. Induction of various genetic effects in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D7. In Ashby J, de Serres FJ, et al., eds. Progress in mutation research, Vol. 5. Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens. Amsterdam, The Netherlands Elsevier Science Publishers, 217-224. 

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