Generation time

Table 2. Relation of Generation Time to Hourly Growth Rate and Specific Growth Rate ...

Generation time, h Hourly growth rate, CJ Cq Specific growth rate, )J., h ... 

Generation time The time required for a given population to double in size. This time can be as short as 20 minutes or as long as a week. 

Thus, the generation time can be calculated from the slope of Figure E.10.1. 

Figure 13. Cumulative probability for pit-generation time interval at constant potential of 18Cr-8Ni stainless steel in 0.2 kmol m 3 NaCl solution containing 0.1 kmol nf3 NajSO 23 o, = 0.85 V vs. SCE , =0.95 V vs. SCE. (From N. Sato, J. Etectrochem. Soc. 123, 1197, Fig. 2. Reproduced by permission of The Electrochemical Society, Inc.)...

This transformation can also be carried out under solvent-free conditions in a domestic oven using acidic alumina and ammoniiun acetate, with or without a primary amine, to give 2,4,5-trisubstituted or 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles, respectively (Scheme 15A) [69]. The automated microwave-assisted synthesis of a library of 2,4,5-triarylimidazoles from the corresponding keto-oxime has been carried out by irradiation at 200 ° C in acetic acid in the presence of ammonium acetate (Scheme 15B) [70]. Under these conditions, thermally induced in situ N - O reduction occurs upon microwave irradiation, to give a diverse set of trisubstituted imidazoles in moderate yield. Parallel synthesis of a 24-membered library of substituted 4(5)-sulfanyl-lff-imidazoles 40 has been achieved by adding an alkyl bromide and base to the reaction of a 2-oxo-thioacetamide, aldehyde and ammonium acetate (Scheme 15C) [71]. Under microwave-assisted conditions, library generation time was dramatically re-... 

In contrast to E. coli, B. subtilis cells do not enter a 4-h lag phase. Instead, they continue growth with a generation time of more than 24 h and induce the synthesis of 36 CSPs which function at various levels of cellular physiology, such as protein synthesis, carbohydrate uptake and chemotaxis [120]. 

Perelson AS, Neumann AU, Markowitz M, Leonard JM, Ho DD. HlV-1 dynamics in vivo virion clearance rate, infected cell life-span, and viral generation time. Science 1996 271 1582-6. 

Procedures and controls shall include use of secure, computer-generated time-stamped audit trails to independently record the date and time of operator entries and actions that create, modify, or delete electronic records. 

The time interval between one cell division and the next is called the generation time. When considering a growing culture containing many thousands of cells, a mean generation time is usually calculated. 

If this time interval is t, then the mean generation time G is given by the expression ... 

The program can be used to generate time dependent displays of A, B and TR for input values of the effective proportional gain KC and set point temperature TSET, for initial conditions AO = BO = 0, T = TO at t = 0. 

To date, there have been four reports published that have examined the impact of 1,1-ADEQUATE correlation data on structure generation times and the number of structures generated for various CASE programs.46 47 53 55 The first of the studies discussed above used limited 1,1-ADEQUATE data in a COCON computation rim for the relatively simple molecule 4,5-dibromopyrrol-2-carboxylic acid (4).53 In the same report, the authors considered the effect of 1,1-ADEQUATE correlations that would theoretically be expected for manzacidin A (5), however no 1,1-ADEQUATE data were actually acquired. The results for 4 and 5 are summarized in Table 2. 

TABLE 4 The impact of various of 2D NMR data on the number of structures generated and generation times for retrorsine (22) using the Structure Elucidator CASE program46... 

Data set Number of correlations Total correlations Extended correlations0 Total After filtration Generation time... 

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an extremely attractive eukaryotic model system for the study of genes involved in iron metabolism. This is because of its short generation time, the ease with which relatively large amounts of... 

In order to find points of equal degrees of conversion (or equal Q-values) in Figure 2.18, van Geel [115] developed the method to evaluate kinetic data from the so-called isoconversion lines. A heat generating substance that follows Equation (2-11), when stored under isothermal conditions at different temperatures has generated an equal amount of heat (Q) when the product of t exp(-Ea/RT) has the same value. Thus, for two heat generation/time curves measured at Ti and T2, the same amount of heat (Q) has been generated, and thus the conversion is equal when ... 

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