Wings

Figure 4 Structure of the real object "Lower wing skin" (a). Test object "Cargo door" (b)...

A number of real objects with artificially made disbonds were tested using the Fokker Bond Tester and spectra were stored in a PC for the classification. One of the objects, "Lower wing skin is shown in Figure 4. As can be seen, the positions and sizes of flaws are marked. The same marks were also drawn on the actual objects to facilitate measurements. 

The NSC was trained using labeled data acquired during inspection of objects with known defects. Examples of spectra for the object Lower wing skin are shown in Figure 5, the spectra measured for the flawless structures for different number of layers in the upper panel, the spectra corresponding 100% and 50% disbonds in the middle and lower panel, respectively. The size of the disbonds is given as a percent of active surface of the probe used for the test. 

Spectra from reference plates for Lower wing skin"... 

Figure 5 Normalized spectra from test object "Lower wing skin".

Table 1 Blind test results for "Lower wing skin" using network with 2 hidden nodes and training for 2000 iterations...

Our solution is a matched probe in combination with a special probe holder which enables a fast and reliable inspection on the wings" through a 10 mm inspection hole in the housing of the engine. 

This special inspection problem concerns the detection of cracks in the root of turbine blades. The customer required a fast and reliable inspection on the wings", i.e. without dismounting the blades from the engine. 

The system allows the inspeetion of all the blade roots of the whole engine within less than one hour. This is a very fast method which fulfils all the customer requirements concerning reliability, inspeetion speed and the inspeetion on the wings". 

Ghiradella H 1991 Light and color on the wing structural colors in butterflies and moths App/. Opt. 30 3492-500... 

One effect of saturation, and the dependence of e on /, is to decrease the maximum absorption intensity of a spectral line. The central part of the line is flattened and the intensity of the wings is increased. The result is that the line is broadened, and the effect is known as power, or saturation, broadening. Typically, microwave power of the order of 1 mW cm may produce such broadening. Minimizing the power of the source and reducing the absorption path length t can limit the effects of power broadening. 

Some empirical equations to predict cyclone pressure drop have been proposed (165,166). One (166) rehably predicts pressure drop under clean air flow for a cyclone having the API model dimensions. Somewhat surprisingly, pressure drop decreases with increasing dust loading. One reasonable explanation for this phenomenon is that dust particles approaching the cyclone wall break up the boundary layer film (much like spoiler knobs on an airplane wing) and reduce drag forces. 

This procedure offers the possibiUty of remote noncontact velocity measurement, where no probes disturb the flow. It is thus compatible for use with hot or corrosive gases. Commercial laser velocimeters have become weU-developed measurement tools. Examples of laser velocimetry include remote measurement of wind velocity, measurement of vortex air flow near the wing tips of large aircraft, and in vivo measurement of the velocity of blood flow. 

Fleischmann Kurth Malting Co. Chicago, Illinois Manitowoc, Wisconsia Milwaukee, Wisconsia Red Wing, Minnesota 300-400... 

Maximizing Human Potential Decade of the Brain 1990—2000, Report of the Subcommittee on Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Office of Science and Technology Pohcy, Washington, D.C., 1991, p. 76 A. M. Chutorian, C. P. LaScala, C. N. Ores, and R. Nass, PediatNeurol 1, 335 (1985) C. S. Wing, Lang. Speech, Hear. Sere. Schools 21, 22 (1990). 

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