Covering power

Zinc oxide or zinc white is used in paints, but more preferable, because of its better covering power, is lithopone (a mixture of zinc sulphide and barium sulphate). Both paints have the advantage over white lead that they do not blacken in air (due to hydrogen sulphide). Zinc dust and also zinc chromate are constituents of... 

Titanium dioxide is extensively used for both house paint and artist s paint, because it is permanent and has good covering power. Titanium oxide pigment accounts for the largest use of the element. Titanium paint is an excellent reflector of infrared, and is extensively used in solar observatories where heat causes poor seeing conditions. 

Electroless plating on metal substrates can be improved by addition of pentaerythritol, either to a photosensitive composition of a noble metal salt (99), or with glycerine to nickel plating solutions (100). Both resolution and covering power of the electrolyte are improved. 

Although white lead was the oldest white hiding pigment ia paints, it has been totally replaced by titanium dioxide, which has better covering power and is nontoxic (see Pigments). Nevertheless, basic lead carbonate has many other uses, including as a catalyst for the preparation of polyesters from... 

Developed grains (low covering power) Release layer Protector layer for positive image Developed positive grains 1 (high covering power) Protector layer for color screen Additive color screen... 

Ausgiebigkeit, /. productiveness, fertility, abundance (of a dye) yield, strength (of paint, etc.) spreading or covering power, ausgiessen, v.t. pour out, run out discharge ... 

Decken, n. covering cleansing, washing (Paints) covering power, opacity (Sugar) claying superposition. 

A thin copper deposit, e.g. 2.5/zm, plated between steel and nickel, improves corrosion resistance during outdoor exposure and many platers also believe that a copper undercoating improves the covering power of nickel, particularly on rough steel. 

Concern over the health hazards of the hexavalent chromium solutions used to form the top coat of conventional nickel plus chromium coatings have encouraged research into trivalent chromium plating solutions. A process with better throwing power and improved covering power than those of hexavalent chromium has been described by Smart etal". A process for depositing a chromium-iron, or chromium-nickel-iron alloy, has been outlined by Law. ... 

Covering Power the ability of a plating solution to produce an electrodeposit... 

The first major use of titanium dioxide was as a replacement for toxic lead compounds in paint It combines a brilliant white color with very high covering power. Addition of certain compounds of nickel changes the white color to yellow cobalt compounds give a green paint. 

NOTE Opacity readings (covering power or reduction in light transmission) may also be high where water vapor in the stack gases condenses in cold weather. 

Covalent sidewall nanotube functionalization, 17 55 Cover crops, allelopathic, 13 352-353 Covering power, 9 773 Coverstock, use of nonwoven goods in, 17 517... 

The coloristic qualities of a pigment have to do, broadly, with the description of its color-imparting action, that is, the characterization of the color nuance produced through its use, as well as its effectiveness, covering power, and transparency. Obviously these are fundamental properties that govern the industrial use of a pigment and its economic value. 

Many of the stated restrictions can be lifted (at the cost of using more complicated formulas) when these conditions are not adequately met. For other systems, it may be more appropriate to use approximations based on assumptions different from those in the model described above, which applies to systems with approximately optimum covering power. Such an approximation was presented by Hoffmann [9] and simplified by Schmelzer. It is employed for highly transparent coatings where the substrate plays a significant role specifically, it describes the behavior of printing inks. 

There are a number of other reasons for carrying out size reduction. It may, for example, be necessary to break a material into very small particles in order to separate two constituents, especially where one is dispersed in small isolated pockets. In addition, the properties of a material may be considerably influenced by the particle size and, for example, the chemical reactivity of fine particles is greater than that of coarse particles, and the colour and covering power of a pigment is considerably affected by the size of the particles. In addition, far more intimate mixing of solids can be achieved if the particle size is small. 

The ability to produce a deposit over a given surface, including recesses, is called covering power. As a point of practical importance, it may be noted that in some cases the required potential for deposition of the metal may not be reached in recesses and vias. Other processes, such as H2 evolution or reduction of ions such as Fe to Fe, may occur instead. In such cases, a preliminary strike deposit may be the answer. This is made by an extremely high current density for a very short time or in a specially formulated bath. 

---