White box testing

Structural testing takes into account the internal mechanism (structure) of a system or component. It is sometimes referred to as white box testing. Structural testing should show that the software creator followed contemporary quality standards (e.g., consensus standards from national and international standards development organizations. This testing usually includes inspection (or walk-through) of the program code and development documents. 

After technical design has been translated into code,2 the following inspections should be considered to further evaluate the correctness of the code. A code review is an informal white box test where the code is presented in a meeting to project personnel, managers, users, customers, or other interested parties for comment or informal approval. Code reviews are a static test approach that can be applied to source code during the early stage of development. 

A black box test involves providing an input to the system and then examining the output. The structural elements of the application software are not examined during the execution of a black box test these elements are examined during a white box test. An OQ is a black box (result oriented) system test, designed to determine the degree of accuracy with which the system responds to a stimulus. The following sections describe some test cases that an OQ may contain. 

Customization Rewriting portions of standardized application code to meet specihc user requirements. This modihcation makes the standardized application nonstandard. Detailed spedhcations and strucmral (white box) testing will be required for the modi-hcatious and other aspects of remaining system functionality altered by the change. 

Bespoke Element Developments Writing extra software to complement the standardized application. These modihcations may impinge on standard software stams, but cau be compensated by overall functional (black box) testing. Bespoke code must itself be fully validated, including strucmral (white box) testing. 

GV150013 has shown activity in a number of animal models of anxiety. In the mouse black/white box test GV150013 increased the time that naive mice remain in a brightly illuminated section of an activity box The effect was dose related and significant increases were measured at 0.1, 0.3 and l. Ong.kg 1.Similar anxiolytic effects were seen in the rat social interaction test and the marmoset human threat test [25]. The ED50 values are given in table 5. 

Modules, including interfaces, should generally be tested against the System Design Specification. Testing may include black box tests, white box tests and a Source Code Review. 

Classifying infrastructure software is useful when planning compliance activities. The objective is to make compliance both meaningful and cost-effective. There are two questions that need to be answered (1) "Do we need to audit the supplier " and (2) "Is white box testing required "... 

In the majority of cases, the manufacturer will complete detailed design and "white box" testing activities for the individual infrastructure elements. The results of these activities are not normally available for detailed inspection, and the pharmaceutical manufacturer s IT department would not be expected to have the necessary expertise to perform a meaningful review. 

System Software POL Interpreter Error - White Box tests and Black Box tests in Developing Phase - Validation... 

White-box testing - code structure-based test cases. 

Stmctural Testing is often referred to as white-box testing. The basic concept is that a piece of code is exercised by a tester based on tests derived from the tester s inspection or knowledge of the code s structure and implementation. This type of testing is very common in unit testing, particularly in the commercial information technology sector and for desktop application development. 

Each software module shall be checked with a process review, simulation and testing (i.e., dynamic analysis and white box testing when the source code is available with test cases from boundary value analysis) to determine that the intended function is correctly executed and unintended functions not are executed. 

White box testing uses an internal perspective of the system to design test cases based on internal structure. It requires programming skills to identify all paths through the software. The tester chooses test case inputs to exercise paths through the code and determines the appropriate outputs. In electrical hardware testing, every node in a circuit may be probed and measured, for... 

Typical white box test design techniques include ... 

The main difference between black box and white box testing is the areas on which they choose to focus. In simplest terms, black box testing is focused on results. If an action is taken and it produces the desired result, then the process that was actually used to achieve that outcome is irrelevant. White box testing is concerned with the details it focuses on the internal workings of a system and only when all avenues have been tested and the sum of an application s parts can be shown to be contributing to the whole is testing considered complete. 

The program consists of safe , certified , and validated software objects, and the test strategy adopted is based on the principle of white box testing [GAR 98], This method produces test scenarios directly from the program stiucture, significantly reducing the space of possible tests. The test criterion [ZHU 97] for a function block consists of ensuring that every possible path from input to output has been activated (transition from state 0 to state 1). 

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