Water-soluble lime

Water soluble lime is an analytical term for the component in hydrated lime, expressed as Ca(OH)2, that is able to react with hydrochloric acid at a pH of above 9.2, using the test specified in prEN 12485. 

As in the pozzolanic reaction free calcium hydroxide is consumed, and is replaced by phases of extremely low water solubility lime mortars combined with natural or artificial pozzolanas attain a high degree of durability and water resistance if allowed to be precured for a sufficiently long time. Thus, not surprisingly, many stractures built in ancient times—especially by the Romans—using these binders have been preserved until the present day, even when constracted to be used as aqueducts. 

In the commercial extraction of alkaloids from the drugs in which they exist, the powdered drug, or an alcoholic extract of it, is treated with an alkali such as ammonia or lime to liberate the alkaloid and the alkaloid is then extracted by means of an organic solvent. The crude material thus obtained is purified and finally crystallized either as the base itself or as its water-soluble salts. 

Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 (slaked lime) ) White powder soluble in water yielding lime water. Alkaline... 

Ether carboxylates are used not only in powdered detergents but in liquid laundry detergents for their hard water stability, lime soap dispersibility, and electrolyte stability they improve the suspension stability and rheology of the electrolyte builder [130,131]. Formulations based particularly on lauryl ether carboxylate + 4.5 EO combined with fatty acid salt and other anionic surfactants are described [132], sometimes in combination with quaternary compounds as softeners [133,163]. Ether carboxylates show improved cleaning properties as suds-controlling agents in formulations with ethoxylated alkylphenol or fatty alcohol, alkyl phosphate esters or alkoxylate phosphate esters, and water-soluble builders [134]. 

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (caustic soda) Potassium hydroxide (KOH) (caustic potash) Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) (slaked lime) Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) (aqueous ammonia solution) White deliquescent solid. Sticks, flakes, pellets. Dissolution in water is highly exothermic. Strongly basic. Severe hazard to skin tissue White deliquescent solid. Sticks, flakes, pellets. Dissolution In water is highly exothermic. Strongly basic. Severe hazard to skin tissue White powder soluble in water yielding lime water. Alkaline Weakly alkaline. Emits ammonia gas. Severe eye irritant... 

A. A. Mohamed, F. Agnolon, S. Ce.sco, Z. Varanini, and R. Pinton, Incidence of lime-induced chlorosis plant re.sponse mechanism and role of water soluble humic substances. Agrochimica 42 255 (1998). 

Limewater is a saturated aqueous calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, solution. To make limewater, a small amount of calcium hydroxide is needed. Calcium hydroxide is marketed commercially as slaked lime or hydrated lime. It is used for cement, increasing the pH in soils, and water treatment. Lime may be obtained from building material stores in the cement section and in agricultural stores. The smallest quantities sold are generally 5- or 10-pound bags, which cost a few dollars. Because only a teaspoon of lime is needed (the solubility of calcium hydroxide in water is 0. Ig per 100 mL), ask the sales clerk if there are any broken bags from which you can take a tablespoon of lime. Often there will be enough lime dust where it is stored to obtain an ample amount for this activity. 

S. Peacock heated a mixture of powder felspar and coal in a reducing atm., and treated the product with superheated steam in an autoclave in order to recover the water-soluble potash. B. F. Halvorsen heats to 050° a mixture of ground felspar, cyanamide, and alkali salts with superheated steam. Ammonia and soluble potash are formed. H. W. Charlton digested greensand with lime and water in an autoclave. 

The hydrolysis process, ie, reaction with water, for lime is called slaking and produces hydrated lime, Ca(OH)2. Calcium hydroxide is a strong base but has limited aqueous solubility, 0.219 g Ca(OH)2/100 gH20, and is therefore often used as a suspension. As an alkali it finds widespread industrial application because it is cheaper than sodium hydroxide. 

Frothers are chemicals whose molecules contain both a polar and a nonpolar group. The purpose of a froth is to carry mineral-laden bubbles lor a period of lime until the froth can be removed from the flotation machine for recovery of ils mineral content. Typical frothing chemicals are alcohols, cresylic acids, eucalyptus oils, camphor oils, and pine oils, all of which are slightly soluble in water. Soluble frolhers in common use include alkyl ethers and phenyl ethers of propylene and polypropylene glycols. 

Shih and Lin (2003) investigated the solidification/stabilization of arsenic-rich flyash from an abandoned copper smelter in northern Taiwan. The flyashes (2-40 % total arsenic, mostly as As(III)) were collected from three flue gas discharge tunnels. Extremely high cement dosages (cement/waste mass ratio of greater than 6) were required to stabilize the wastes so that they would pass the US TCLP for arsenic (<5 mg L 1 Appendix E). (The TCLP is often used in research outside of the United States.) Cement dosages could be reduced and the mixtures would still pass the TCLP for both arsenic and lead if municipal waste incinerator flyash was added. Lime alone was able to stabilize arsenic and pass the TCLP however, the leachates exceeded the TCLP lead standard of 5mgL 1. The immobilization of arsenic in lime may be due to the formation of sparsely water-soluble calcium arsenites and arsenates, such as CaHAsC>3 //1LO or Ca3(AsC>4)2 H20, where n > 0 (Shih and Lin, 2003, 692). 

Vitamin C (Figure 6.6) is water-soluble and quite a small molecule. A lack of vitamin C can lead to a complaint called scurvy . In the days of the sailing ships and long sea voyages, British sailors knew about this and on long journeys, say to Australia, would take fruit on board, particularly lemons and limes. They were called Limeys by the Australians, which is still used as a nick-name. 

Calcium polyphosphate fibers were grown from a water soluble melt. The raw materials used were lime (CaO) and phosphoric acid (HjPO ) to give... 

Following cultivation of the plant material, the leaves from which the cocaine will be prepared are harvested and dried in the sun. From these, coca paste and, subsequently, cocaine is produced. In general, coca paste is prepared by one of two methods. The first involves wetting the leaves and macerating them with dilute sulfuric acid, thus forming the water-soluble sulfate salts of the alkaloids. The mixture is then extracted with kerosene. After phase separation, the aqueous layer is basified with ammonia, lime or sodium carbonate, and the alkaloids precipitated. They are then recovered by filtration. 

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