Curing effect

Packe, Christopher. Medela chymica or, an account of the vertues and uses of a select number of chymical medicines adapted to the cure of the most chronick and rebellious diseases. To which is subjoyned A brief history of cures effected by them. As also, An essay upon the acetum acerrimum philosophorum, or vinegar of antimony with some experiments made therewith. London John Lawrence, 1708. 178p. 

In the vulcanisation of rubber products, aftercure is the amount of cure received after the termination of the cure proper, e.g., the cure effect resulting from the heat remaining in the product after removal from the mould or autoclave. The term is also applied to the continuation of the curing effect that results from exposure of the article to heat in use, or from accelerated ageing. See Post Cure. 

Methods 1 and 3 have been utilized in dry developed resist systems. To our knowledge, there are no resist systems commercially available that depend on post-exposure treatment other than the post-curing effect in negative electron beam resists mentioned earlier. Since such systems are still largely in the research phase we will not discuss them here but rather refer the reader to the literature for more detailed descriptions (44-50). 

Vacuum Curing Effect. In the early stage of this work, we investigated a mixture of epoxy novolac and poly(p-vinyl phenol) (EP) to obtain an electron beam sensitive non-swelling resist. Epoxy novolac was chosen as the sensitizing component, because epoxy groups are known to be electron-beam-sensitive substituents (2). However, it is also known that electron beam resists... 

Radiation-induced Reactions in EAP. To elucidate the reason no vacuum curing effect is observed in EAP, we measured the infrared spectra of EAP films under various conditions. The results are summerized in Figures 3 to 5. The infrared spectrum of a standard EAP film is shown in Figure 3. Absorbance at 910 cm-1 (Aep) caused by the epoxy group and that at 2110 cm-1 (Aaz) caused by the azide group were chosen as measures for concentrations of these groups in the films. 

Up to 0.5% of sulphur may also initiate the curing effect of lead dioxide. Conversely, the addition of fatty acids and their salts may exert an inhibitory influence upon the curing process of polymer LP. Thus the addition of one part by weight of stearic acid to polymer LP approximately doubles the curing time. 

Since many of such detailed results have been obtained with in vitro systems the application and activity in vivo can with difficultly be overlooked, since many of these polymers are toxic and the estimation of the curing effect besides the toxic effects is hard to accomplish. 

In 1999, Radhakrishnan et al. [88] reported the plasmid curing effect of thioridazine on 12 multiple antibiotic and thioridazine resistant bacteria. 

In 1961, a supposition was made about the great role of free radicals alien to normal cell in the development of some other diseases and about the feasibility of inhibiting the free-radical reactions by applying synthetic inhibitors to achieve a curing effect [9-11]. This supposition could be made only by physicochemists, first of all, by specialists in kinetics of the Semenov-Emanuel school, who imderstood the importance of not only (and not so much)of a change in the composition of the reaction components but also of then-physicochemical properties, i.e., when the same results may be obtained with different (in composition) components but with the one common physicochemical property - in this case, ability to react with free radicals. Therefore, synthetic compounds of the structure other than that of natural antioxidants may be used instead of (substitute) the latter ones in reactions with free radicals. 

It is necessary to dwell on an important property of antioxidants - the dose-effect dependence of introduced antioxidant. After introduction of antioxidant, the antioxidant activity (AOA) increases, then it returns to normal, and then, after a short-time AOA increasing, it decreases drastically below the normal. Therefore, antioxidants may produce a curing effect by decreasing (at low doses) or increasing (at high doses) the rate of free-radical reactions. 

F-treated intermetallics exhibit extremely high reactivity and selectivity to H2, even in CO and CO2 atmospheres. The treatment behaves as a curing effect of the external surface and creates a fluoride-rich layer with a Ni-enriched subsuperficial layer. The hydriding behavior is increased by the presence of microcracks running through the external layer the initial activation process is enhanced, even for Mg-based alloys. In addition, a protective effect is observed since the samples can be safely stored in air for long time without degradation or surface reactivity [116]. 

Tolrestat was able to stop the progression of neuropathy in a 1-year placebo-controlled clinical trial (Giugliano et al., 1993), and even a reversal of mild forms of autonomic and peripheral neuropathy was observed. Boulton et al. (1990) have also been able to show improvement in nerve conduction velocity by tolrestat. Ponalrestat was unable to improve the signs of peripheral neuropathy although it was effective on autonomic neuropathy (Sundkvist et al., 1992). In another study, the absence of any curing effect of ponalrestat was reported (Ziegler et al., 1991). 

Sohn, D. Johnson, D.L. Microwave curing effects on the 28-day strength of cementitious materials. Cement Concrete Res. 1999, 29, 241-247. 

Mixtures of diethylene glycol diacrylate and poly(methyl-methacrylate) cure effectively on ultraviolet irradiation... 

The cure effects on the chemoviscosity are two-fold the viscosity will initially decrease due to the increase in thermal effects but will eventually increase due to formation of the crosslinked network via the curing reaction. This is shown schematically for the chemoviscosity of a polyester resin during injection moulding in Figure 4.8. 

Extensive work in the literature has focussed on the determination of the cure effects on the chemoviscosity of thermosetting resin, and a summary of the effects of cure on various chemorheological models is given in Table 4.1. 

It should be noted that the effects of fillers may be incorporated into the cure and shear-rate effects. The main forms of combined-effects model consist of WLF, power-law or Carreau shear effects, Arrhenius or WLF thermal effects and molecular, conversion or empirical cure effects. Nguyen (1993) and Peters et al. (1993) used a modified Cox-Merz relationship to propose a modified power-law model for highly filled epoxy-resin systems. Nguyen (1993) also questions the validity of the separability of thermal and cure effects in the derivation of combined models. 

Various viscosity models have implicitly included the effects of gelation on the chemoviscosity, and these were reviewed in Table 4.2 incorporating gelation-conversion and glass-transition-temperature effects implicitly in the cure effects on chemoviscosity. Explicit models for the expression of gel time versus temperature and time are sparse, with empirical measurements mainly being used. 

Dynamic properties ASTM D4065-90 ASTM D4473-90 Viscoelastic properties Cure effects on viscosity Dynamic properties of supported and unsupported resins Isothermal and non-isothermal tests... 

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