Water-emulsion binders

One other option that has recently been marketed to the tape casting industry is an externally cross-linkable emulsion binder. This binder works together with a secondary additive (polyoxyalkylene-diamine MW = 400) to increase the 3-D polymer network strength by increasing the strength of attachment from one emulsion droplet to those surrounding.  

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Larch arabinogalactan is approved in 21 CFR 172.610 as a food additive for use as an emulsifier, stabilizer, binder or bodying agent for essential oils and noimutritive sweeteners, flavor bases, nonstandardized dressings, and pudding mixes. It has also been used in the preparation of cosmetic and pharmaceutical dispersions and as an emulsifier in oil—water emulsions (69). Industrially, the main use has been in Hthography as a gum arabic substitute. 

The main purpose of pesticide formulation is to manufacture a product that has optimum biological efficiency, is convenient to use, and minimizes environmental impacts. The active ingredients are mixed with solvents, adjuvants (boosters), and fillers as necessary to achieve the desired formulation. The types of formulations include wettable powders, soluble concentrates, emulsion concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, suspension concentrates, suspoemulsions, water-dispersible granules, dry granules, and controlled release, in which the active ingredient is released into the environment from a polymeric carrier, binder, absorbent, or encapsulant at a slow and effective rate. The formulation steps may generate air emissions, liquid effluents, and solid wastes. 

Since the 1950s, synthetic polymers have been used as art binders. The most common groups are referred to as the vinyls and acrylics by artists. Both groupings represent a wide variety of polymers and copolymers and are inaccurately, or at best not accurately, named. For polymer scientists, the term vinyl generally refers to PVC, but to artists it may refer to many other materials. Even so, most of the synthetic paint market today is based on acrylics. Acrylic paints are typically water emulsions of synthetic polymers. In art, the term acrylic is used to describe a wide variety of polymers and copolymers that can be considered as derivatives of acrylic acids. Most acrylics used in art binders are PMMA (Equation 6.61), PVAc (Equation 6.64), poly( -butyl methacrylate) (Equation 6.65), and copolymers such as poly(ethyl acrylate-comethacrylate). 

Aquaprint [BASF]. TM for a resin-bonded pigment color for printing on textiles. The vehicle, an oil-in-water emulsion, contains a water-insoluble binder that adheres to the fibers and anchors the color permanently to the cloth. 

Uses Detergent polymer for surface coatings emulsions paints paper and leather finishes water treatment dispersant and scale inhibitor for oil field water treatment binder for textiles thickener for fabric laminates, textile printing pastes aniistat, binder, film-former in cosmetics thickener, stabilizer for cosmetics, paints, inks, waxes, polishes, detergents, etc. in food-pkg. adhesives in paper/paperboard in contact with dry food... 

A limited number of NSF specimens were cast crack free using suspensions with and without binder additions. A limited number of water soluble binders or emulsions screened so far did not show any improvement over unbinderized suspension. Green densities in the range 1.8 to 1.95 gm/cc (58 to 60% T.D.) were measured in the cast bars. 

An emulsion, according to its basic definition, is a suspension of one material in a liquid in which it is not soluble. The emulsion as a whole may be considered soluble in another liquid, but in the case of binders for aqueous tape casting, the line of distinction must be drawn between water-soluble binders and emulsion binders. Specifically, a water-soluble binder is a polymer that dissolves in water, and an emulsion binder is a collection of insoluble polymer particles, droplets, suspended in water. As pointed out by Doreau et al., the addition of emulsion binder to a slip is accompanied by an addition of water which is also in that emulsion. An 80 g addition of a 50% active emulsion only puts 40 g of binder (polymer) into the tape. Soluble binders may be added 100% active. The two binder families will be discussed separately in this chapter. Phenomena that are shared by both types of binder will be discussed later. 

There are basically two types of water-based formulations (1) those prepared using emulsion binder systems and (2) those prepared with Water-soluble binder systems. Examples of each are included in this section. 

Emulsion Paint n Paint, the vehicle of which is an emulsion of binder in water. The binder may be oil, oleores-inous varnish, resin, or other emulsifiable binder. Not to be confused with a latex paint in which the vehicle is a latex. 

In addition to liquid anaerobics, threadlockers are supplied in a solid form that can be pre-applied to a fastener. In these systems, the anaerobic adhesives or a catalyst are microencapsulated in a thin shell. A typical water-based slurry for applying such a system to fasteners consists of a water-soluble binder or emulsion, a dispersed anaerobic adhesive, and separate microcapsules of a peroxide and a transition metal salt. The slurry is applied to fasteners by the customer or a converter and is dry to touch after removal of the water. This preapplied coating remains stable until a nut is applied to the fastener when the shearing action of engagement breaks the microcapsules and the adhesive cures, locking the fastener. 

A coating producer is preparing a white, water-based formulation to be used for protection of exterior wood structures on buildings. The binder of the coating, a so-called aUcyd, is available as an oil-in-water emulsion, containing surfactants for stabilization. 

Uses Binder, film-former for oral and topical pharmaceuticals, microencapsulation stabilizer for oil-in-water emulsions emulsifier, vise, modifier, dispersant in meal replacements... 

Uses Binder, thickener, stabilizer, protective colloid, water retention agent, and film-former for foods, pharmaceuticals (nose, eye, and ear drops), and personal care stabilizer, dispersant for o/w emulsions binder for coating components in stick electrodes... 

Uses Flow control agent, leveling agent, anticratering agent, surf. tens, reducer in printing inks emulsifier for o/w emulsions Features Exc. compat. in common water-based binders Properties Semisolid sol. (1 100) in water, alcohol HLB 16.4 acid no. 2 max. ... 

Acryhc modifiers for cement impact strength and adhesion to substrates are discussed in reference 211. Both water-soluble acryhc and acryhc emulsion polymers are used in the ceramic industry as temporary binders, deflocculants, and additive components in ceramic bodies and glazes (212) (see Ceramcs). 

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