Water Disinfection Byproducts

As seen from the data, water disinfected with chlorine can have a complex mixture of lipophiles and hydrophiles. The lipophilic THMs can facilitate the absorption of the hydrophilic haloacetic acids, haloace-tonitriles and haloketones. An analogy between the reproductive toxicity and carcinogenicity of DBPs can be drawn. Though no single chlorinated byproduct studied appears to be carcinogenic, there is evidence from animal studies that DBP mixtures are carcinogenicJ4°l [Pg.389]

Cemeli E, ED Wagner, D Anderson, SD Richardson, MI Plewa (2006) Modulation of the cytoxicity and geno-toxicity of the drinking water disinfection byproduct iodoacetic acid by suppressors of oxidative stress. Environ Sci Technol 40 1878-1883. [Pg.40]

Plewa Ml, ED Wagner, SD Richardson, AD Thurston, Y-T Woo, AB McKague (2004) Chemical and biological characterization of newly discovered iodoacid drinking water disinfection byproducts. Environ Sci Technol 38 4713 722. [Pg.45]

Plewa MJ, Wagner ED, Jazwierska P, Richardson SD, Chen PH, McKague AB (2004) Halonitromethane drinking water disinfection byproducts chemical characterization and mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Environ Sci Technol 38(l) 62-68... [Pg.129]

Richardson SD, Thruston AD Jr, Caughran TV, Chen PH, Collette TW, Floyd TL, Schenck KM, Lykins BW Jr, Sun G, Majetich G (1999) Identification of new drinking water disinfection byproducts formed in the presence of bromide. Environ Sci Technol 33 3378-3383... [Pg.129]

Vincenti M, Fasano F, Valsania MC, Guarda P, Richardson SD (2010) Application of the novel 5-chloro-2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-l-pentyl chloroformate derivatizing agent for the direct determination of highly polar water disinfection byproducts. Anal Bioanal Chem 397(l) 43-54... [Pg.137]

Klinefelter, G.R., Suarez, J.D., Roberts, N.L. DeAngelo, A.B. (1995) Preliminary screening for the potential of drinking water disinfection byproducts to alter male reproduction. Reprod. Toxicol., 9, 571-578... [Pg.1303]

Most often, trip blank contamination originates in the laboratory, either from common airborne laboratory contaminants (methylene chloride, acetone) or from laboratory water containing VOCs, typically methylene chloride, acetone, and toluene or water disinfection byproducts (chloroform, dichlorobromomethane, chlorodibromomethane, bromoform). Rare, but well documented sources of trip blank and associated field samples contamination are insufficiently clean sample... [Pg.68]

Woo, Y.T., Lai, D.Y., McLain, J.L., Ko Manibusan, M., and Dellarco, V., Use of mechanism-based structure-activity relationships analysis in carcinogenic potential ranking for drinking water disinfection byproducts, Environ. Health Perspect., 110 (Suppl. 1), 75-87, 2002. [Pg.201]

Simmons JE, Richardson SD, Speth TF, Miltner RJ, Rice G, Schenck K, Hunter III ES, Teuschler LK. 2002. Development of a research strategy for integrated technology-based toxicological and chemical evaluation of complex mixtures of drinking water disinfection byproducts. Environ Health Perspect 110 1013-1024. [Pg.261]

Johnstone, D.W., Sanchez, N.P., and Miller, CM. (2009). Parallel factor analysis of excitation-emission matrices to assess drinking water disinfection byproduct formation during apeak formation period. Environ. Eng. Sci., 26(10), 1551-1559. [Pg.117]

Disinfectants Disinfection Byproducts MCLG (mg/L) MCL or TT (mg/L) Potential Health Effects from Ingestion of Water Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water... [Pg.16]

Total Trihalomethanes none 0.10 Liver, kidney or central nervous Byproduct of drinking water disinfection... [Pg.16]

Richardson SD et al. (1999) Identification of new ozone disinfection byproducts in drinking water. Environ Sci Technol 33 3368-3377. [Pg.46]

Richardson SD, AD Thurston, C Rav-Acha, L Groisman, 1 Popilevsky, O Juraev, V Glezer, AB McKague, Ml Plewa, ED Wagner (2003) Tribromopyrrole, brominated acids, and other disinfection byproducts produced by disinfection of drinking water rich in bromide. Environ Sci Technol 37 3782-3793. [Pg.46]

Source Naturally formed by algal biological processes (Orkin et al., 1997) and is a disinfection byproduct in public water treatment systems. [Pg.189]

Determination of Chlorinated Disinfection Byproducts and Chlorinated Solvents in Drinking Water by LLE and GC... [Pg.1206]

Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Toledano MB, Eaton NE, Fawell J, Elliott P (2000) Chlorination disinfection byproducts in water and their association with adverse reproductive outcomes a review. Occup Environ Med 57(2) 73-85... [Pg.127]

Richardson SD, Fasano F, Ellington JJ, Crumley FG, Buettner KM, Evans JJ, Blount BC, Silva LK, Waite TJ, Luther GW, McKague AB, Miltner RJ, Wagner ED, Plewa MJ (2008) Occurrence and mammalian cell toxicity of iodinated disinfection byproducts in drinking water. Environ Sci Technol 42 8330-8338... [Pg.128]

Liviac D, Creus A, Marcos R (2010) DNA damage induction by two halogenated acetaldehydes, byproducts of water disinfection. Water Res 44 2638-2646... [Pg.131]

Zhang X, Talley JW, Boggess B, Ding G, Birdsell D (2008) Fast selective detection of polar brominated disinfection byproducts in drinking water using precursor ion scans. Environ Sci Technol 42(17) 6598-6603... [Pg.131]

Ding G, Zhang X (2009) A picture of polar iodinated disinfection byproducts in drinking water by (UPLC/)ESI-tqMS. Environ Sci Technol 43(24) 9287-9293... [Pg.131]

Zhang X, Minear RA (2006) Formation, adsorption and separation of high molecular weight disinfection byproducts resulting from chlorination of aquatic humic substances. Water Res 40(2) 221-230... [Pg.131]

Zwiener C, Richardson SD, DeMarini DM, Grummt T, Glauner T, Frimmel FH (2007) Drowning in disinfection byproducts Assessing swimming pool water. Environ Sci Technol 41 363-372... [Pg.134]

Pressman JG, Richardson SD, Speth TF, Miltner RJ, Narotsky MG, Hunter ES IB, Rice GE, Teuschler LK, McDonald A, Parvez S, Krasner SW, Weinberg HS, McKague AB, Parrett CJ, Bodin N, Chinn R, Lee CFT, Simmons JE (2010) Concentration, chlorination, and chemical analysis of drinking water for disinfection byproduct mixtures health effects research U.S. EPA s four lab study. Environ Sci Technol 44 7184—7192... [Pg.135]

Richardson SD, Caughran TV, Poiger T, Guo Y, Gene Crumley F (2000) Application of DNPH derivatization with LC/MS to the identification of polar carbonyl disinfection byproducts in drinking water. Ozone Sci Engin 22(6) 653-675... [Pg.137]

Wu Q, Zhang T, Sun H, Kannan K (2010) Perchlorate in drinking water, groundwater, surface waters and bottled water from China, and its association with other inorganic anions and with disinfection byproducts. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 58 543-550... [Pg.303]

Chlorine dioxide is a very reactive compound and will not exist in the environment for long periods of time. In air, sunlight will quickly break apart chlorine dioxide into chlorine gas and oxygen. In water, chlorine dioxide will react quickly to form chlorite ions. In water treatment systems, chlorine dioxide will not form certain harmful compounds (e.g., trihalomethanes) when it reacts with dissolved organic compounds. Chlorine dioxide does form other disinfection byproducts, such as chlorite and chlorate ions. [Pg.17]

EPA. 2002e. National primary drinking water regulations. Maximum contaminant levels for disinfection byproducts. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Code of Federal Regulations. 40 CFR 141.64(a). http //ecfrback.access.gpo.gov/. April 24, 2002. [Pg.132]

Strahle J, Schwenk M, Gabrio T, et al. 1998. [Determination of anorganic disinfection byproducts oxohalides in the water of indoor and outdoor swimming pools.] Zentralbl Hyg Umeweltmed 201(l) 96-97. (German)... [Pg.142]

Considerable information of a general nature is available for uncontaminated water subject to the production of disinfection byproducts. The mutagens produced by drinking water chlorination appear to be numerous, but they exist either at low levels or are of low potency. For both the unresolved mixtures and for the few mutagenic compounds thus far identified, activity is readily reduced or destroyed by treatment with alkali or 4-nitrothiophenol and may be removed by GAC treatment. From water sources subject both to mutagen formation via disinfection and to periodic contamination by toxic chemicals, experimental full-scale GAC treatment systems have provided mutagen-free water. [Pg.583]

Disinfectant byproducts generally predominate over the identified organic chemicals found in finished drinking water. These chemicals may completely overshadow the effects of chemicals that are dependent upon the source of water. [Pg.734]

The chemistry of ozone in aqueous solutions and the health effects are complex. It is clear that ozone reacts with water products in the water supply to form numerous disinfection byproducts. However, the general pattern that emerges from most studies is that the reaction byproducts of ozonation appear to be less toxic than those produced by chlorination. [Pg.8]

It is possible to use this OH° concentration to predict k for the oxidation of other compounds under the same conditions. Von Gunten et al. (1995) calculated the actual concentration of OH° using this general and easy way for the ozonation of surface water at neutral pH in a two-stage pilot plant. Atrazine was used as the model compound, ozone decay was assumed to be of first order and the reactors completely mixed. Based on this model they were able to precisely predict the formation of bromate (Br03 ) by oxidation of bromide (Br ) for a full-scale water treatment plant. Bromate is a disinfection byproduct (DBP) of the ozonation of bromide-containing waters, and of concern because of its carcinogenic effects in animal experiments (see also Chapter A 3). [Pg.130]

Of all the food categories, dairy products also contain one of the higher frequencies of industrial chemicals (see Exhibit 2). This is expected because these industrial chemicals tend to accumulate in the fat of dairy products. The diversity of the chemicals found in dairy products, however, occurs for several reasons. Because chloroform is a byproduct of using a chlorine disinfectant, it would appear that a significant number of dairy producers in the United States either do not rinse or do not completely rinse their equipment after disinfection2. Another source of disinfection byproducts is from water that may be used in a dairy. Benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylenes and the other detected chlorinated petroleum solvents (e.g., CBZ, DCE, PCE, TCA, and TCE) occur in dairy foods is because (1) these chemicals were in products used to lubricate or clean machinery that contacted the dairy products or (2) these chemicals were in the ambient air of the dairy. [Pg.23]

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