Water contamination management

Cornish, J. E., Huddleston, G. J., and Levine, R. S., 1995, Ph)4oremediation of soils and water contaminated with toxic elements and radionuclides. In 7 ACS Special Symposium Energing Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management, ed D.W. Tedder, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 1352-1414. 

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), CFCs, petroleum products, and dioxin are major toxic contaminants in air (Section 3.3.2), soil (Section 3.5.3), and also in water. The readers are referred to Sections 3.3.2 and 3.5.3 for details about PCB characteristics, health effects, treatment technologies, and so on. For water quality management, they have been included in the list of the USEPA priority pollutants [86]. 

Flow controllers utilizing conductivity cells can address the problem of variable work flows. Water flows only when needed, and only to a set value of contamination (cleanliness) thus reducing the volume of water requiring management or treatment. Calibration to this set value is a critical activity, and can be confounded by rinsing more than one type of process solution in the same rinse system. The equipment also requires diligent maintenance, since the probes can become coated, and must be cleaned regularly. Installation should account for this eventuality.[19]... 

This book will provide research information to decision makers, field managers, and the scienlific community which will help satisfy the immediate need for technology transfer applies able to ground-water contamination control and prevention. 

Lewis, N., Topudurti, K., Welshans, G., and Foster, R., A field demonstration of the UV/oxidation technology to treat ground water contaminated with VOCs,. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 40(4), 540-547, 1990. 

Iwata, H., Agusa, T., Inoue, S., Kubota, R., Minh, N.H., Minh, T.B., Tu, N.P.C., Kajiwara, N., Kunisue, T., Subramanian, A., Tanabe, S., Viet, P.H., Tuyen, B.C., 2004. Contamination of trace elements in groundwater and persistent organochlorines in sediment from Mekong Delta, South Vietnam. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Development of Water Resource Management System in Mekong Watershed, Hanoi, Vietnam, December 3 1, 2004. pp. 25-31. 

The theme of the Workshop was multidisciplinary methods of characterizing contaminated sites using modem geochemistry with examples from different countries in Europe, North America, and Asia. Special themes included soil, surface, and ground waters contamination, environment pollution, and human health, and data interpretation and management. 

Disaster events disrupt the integrity of water containment and systems, and contamination can occur. Depending on the location of the disaster, nurses should use one or both of the WHO guidelines and the EPA standards to provide a foundation for assessment of risk and risk management for water-related infectious diseases following a disaster or major public health event. Much of this discussion addresses those parts of the world without an adequate infrastructure, whereas in the United States, nurses will most frequently encounter well water contamination from flooding. 

Aldis H, Osborn J, Wolf F. 1983. Investigation of soil and water contamination at Western Processing, King County, Washington. National Conference on Management of Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites 43-53. 

US EPA, Risk Assessment, Management and Communication of Drinking Water Contamination, Technology Transfer No. EPA/625/4-89/024, April, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 1989. 

MEPAS allows the user to prioritize hazardous, radioactive, and mixed-waste sites, based on their potential hazard to public health. MEPAS is applicable to a wide range of environmental management and regulatory conditions including inactive sites under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), and active sites releasing air and water contaminants regulated under other statutory acts. 

Potential liability can result from not having an effective environmental management system in the process industries. Severe penalties and very heavy liability can result from many different contaminant sources. A summary of some of the major sources of potential water contamination from the process industries follows ... 

This system has been prepared to assist planners, managers and administrators in the task of evaluating the relative vulnerability of areas to ground-water contamination by pesticides. 

This book contains (Mated analysis of the sources of ground water contamination. Specific topics Include liquid waste disposal systems, industrial waste, municipal waste, oil field wastes, agricultural wastes, injection wells, underground tanks and pipelines, surface waters, and atmospheric deposition. The book also discusses contamination movement and interaction, detection, risk assessment, prevention, and management... 

Development of Water Treatment Systems. In situ processes produce approximately one barrel of retort water contaminated with carbonaceous residues for each barrel of shale oil recovered. Surface processes also produce retort water but in lower quantities. Although current plans do not call for discharge of wastewater, it much be cleaned for reuse in the process and other uses, such as dust control and solid waste management. 

From the viewpoint of water management the use of pesticides is a serious danger particularly when these substances are introduced into precipitation, surface, ground-, drainage or wastewaters. The cases of water contamination are often due to the neglect of essential safety measures during their application, purification and decontamination of machines used for their application and transport, and aerial application, particularly in unsuitable periods. 

Bertsch PM, Hunter DB, Sutton SR, Bajt S, Rivers ML (1994) In situ chemical speciation of uranium in soils and sediments by micro X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Environ Sci Technol 28 980-984 Bertsch PM and Seaman JC (1999) Characterization of complex mineral assemblages Implications for contaminant transport and environmental remediation. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 96 3350-3357 Beyersmann D, Koester A, Buttner B, Flessel P (1984) Model reactions of chromium compounds with mammalian and bacterial cells. Toxicol Environ Chem 8 279-286 Bhattachaiya P, Chatterjee D, Jacks G (1997) Occurrence of arsenic contaminated groundwater in alluvial aquifers from Delta Plains, Eastern India Options for safe drinking water supply. Int Jour Water Resources Management 13 79-92... 

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