Waste utilization

Don t waste utilities simply because you are not paying for them... 

Waste products from a number of commercial processes can be used as cheap and readily available fillers for PCM. For example, lightweight structural materials may be obtained by filling various low-viscous resins with waste materials [4, 5]. Also by adding fillers to reprocessed polymers it is possible to improve their properties considerably and thus return them to service [6]. This method of waste utilization is not only economically feasible but also serves an ecological purpose, since it will help to protect the environment from contamination. The maximum percentage of the filler should in these cases be such as to assure reliable service of the article made from the PCM under specified conditions for a specified period of time. 

Scheme 1 Synthetic pathway of 6-hydroxy-3-succinoyl-pyridine from (S)-nicotine in tobacco waste utilizing whole cells of a Pseudomonas sp. [39]...

JONGEBREUR, A.A. (1981). Odour control in Animal production—Inf. Bull, from the FAO European network on Animal Waste Utilization. 

Characteristics of soil Quantity of waste Utility/fuel rates Moisture content of soil Initial contaminant concentration Characteristics of residual waste Waste handling/preprocessing Target contaminant concentration Amount of debris with waste Labor rates... 

Waste handling/preprocessing Debris content of waste Utility/fuel rates Labor rates... 

Saylak, D., Gallaway, . M., and Epps, J. A., "Recycling Old Asphalt Concrete Pavements", Proceedings of the 5th Mineral Waste Utilization Symposium, Chicago, 111., 13-14 April, 1976,... 

In the area of waste utilization, Fred s program on the heat content, gasification, and carbonization of forest fuel is now recognized as a major step in our understanding of forest fires. The acid-catalyzed pyrolysis of cellulosic waste to afford l,6-anhydro-3,4-dideoxy-)3-D-g/ycero-hex-3-enopyranos-2-ulose ( levoglucosenone ) pointed the way to another method of chemical conversion of cellulosic wastes similar to cat-cracking in the petrochemical industry. 

Horwitz, E.P., Kalina, D.G., Diamond, H Vandegrift, G.F., Schulz, W.W. The TRUEX process - a process for the extraction of the transuranic elements from nitric acid wastes utilizing modified Purex solvent. Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. (1985), 3 (1 2), 75-109. 

Horwitz, E. P., D. G. Kalina, H. Diamond, et al. 1985. The TRUEX Process - A Process for the Extraction of the Transuranium Elements from Nitric Acid Wastes Utilizing Modified PUREX solvent. Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. 3, 75-109. 

The direction of human activity is determined by the intensity of pollution, time the pollution lasted (waste utilization), cost of environmental cleaning, amount of investment in the renewal of resources and in the prevention of environmental pollution, investment in industry and agriculture, rate of natural resource expenditure, and search for new sources, etc. The hypothetical trends of these processes should be set in order to realize the predictions using the global model. 

The efforts made in environmental protection can be observed as a fourth tendency. Improvements in sewage treatment and waste utilization are aimed at, as well as the recycling of valuable organic components. The improvement of methods will increase the possibilities of optimization and lead to economic integration of existing cycles. 

G24 Goldshtein, L. Y. A. Cement Production from Industrial By-Products (Wastes) Utilization, 80pp., Stroyzdat, Leningrad (1985). 

Nevertheless, waste utilization is an attractive alternative to disposal cost and potential pollution problems are reduced or even eliminated along with the achievement of resource eonservation. There are million tons of waste glass is land filled each year aroimd the world. 

In selecting a value of Oc, the designer will be guided by consideration of two and perhaps three different Oc values which characterize his fermentation. These are the minimum value, Oc, at which process failure will occur—i.e., Si = So in Equation 12 the value of Oc required to produce a specified effluent quality or treatment efficiency (Equation 12) and, in the case of the reactor without organism recycle, the Oc value at which maximum volumetric rate of waste utilization is achieved, 0, (Equation 14). In addition to these factors the designer will have to... 

Volumetric Utilization and Solids Recycle. Volumetric Utilization. Somewhat at crossed purposes with the effluent quality or effl-ciency of treatment criteria for selecting values of 6c is the other possible treatment objective of maximizing volumetric waste utilization (treatment) rate. 

This objective is of special interest for concentrated wastes where per cent reduction in waste strength is more important than effluent quality since additional treatment will be required before ultimate disposal. The solids retention time at which maximum volumetric waste utilization occurs can be uniquely determined for a conventional process system (no organism recycle) according to Equation 14 ... 

Figure 5. Relationships between volumetric waste utilization rate, treatment efficiency, solids retention time, and raw waste degradable COD concentration at 35°C (3)...

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