Water towers

Condenser cooling medium Brine Chilled water Tower water Chilled water... 

The proper choice of material is now a quite different one. Reinforced concrete is now the best choice - that is why many water towers, and pressure vessels for nuclear reactors, are made of reinforced concrete. After that comes pressure-vessel steel - it offers the best compromise of both price and weight. CFRP is very expensive. 

Report on the Collapse of the Ardeer Cooling Water Tower, 27 Sept. 1973, Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., London, 1974. 

Pipe/valve manifold 15, Water tower 24, Garrison... 

The mixture of caustic and disulfides is transferred to a settler. From the settler, the treated gasoline flows to a coalescer, sand filter, or wash water tower, before going to storage. The caustic solution is recirculated to the mixing vessel/fiber film contactor. 

Example 6.5 A water tower serves a condenser rated at 880 kW and the water-circulating pump takes another 15 kW. What will be the evaporation rate, the approximate circulation rate, and the air mass flow ... 

Many systems are shut down for periods of the year, either for process closure or if not required in winter. The advice of the supplier should be sought as to the correct procedure. In the case of refrigerant circuits, it is advisable to pump down into the receiver or condenser to minimize leakage losses. Water towers should be drained in winter in this climate, if not in use, and the tank heater disconnected. 

Dirty or choked spray nozzles in water tower or evaporative condenser, so that the surface is not fully wetted... 

Park, J. E. and Vance, J. M. Chem. Eng. Progr., 67 (1971) 55. Computer model of crossflow towers PlCOOTTl, M. Hydrocarbon Process., 56(6) (1977) 163. Design quench water towers. 

That is why in cooling water towers and in swimming pools algicides are used. 

A water tower that is 90 ft high provides water to a residential subdivision. The water main from the tower to the subdivision is 6 in. sch 40 steel, 3 miles long. If each house uses a maximum of 50 gal/hr (at peak demand) and the pressure in the water main is not to be less than 30 psig at any point, how many homes can be served by the water main ... 

A water main is to be laid to supply water to a subdivision located 2 miles from a water tower. The water in the tower is 150 ft above ground, and the subdivision consumes a maximum of 10,000 gpm of water. What size pipe should be used for the water main Assume Schedule 40 commercial steel pipe. The pressure above the water is 1 atm in the tank and is 30 psig at the subdivision. 

A water main is to be laid from a water tower to a subdivision that is 2 mi away. The water level in the tower is 150 ft above the ground. The main must supply a maximum of 1000 gpm with a minimum of 5 psig at the discharge end, at a temperature of 65°F. What size commercial steel sch 40 pipe should be used for the water main If plastic pipe (which is hydraulically smooth) were used instead, would this alter the result If so, what diameter of plastic pipe should be used ... 

The water level in a water tower is 110 ft above ground level. The tower supplies water to a subdivision 3 mi away, through an 8 in. sch 40 steel water main. If the minimum water pressure entering the residential water lines at the houses must be 15 psig, what is the capacity of the water main (in gpm) If there are 100 houses in the subdivision and each consumes water at a peak rate of 20 gpm, how big should the water main be ... 

Water is to be pumped at a rate of 100 gpm from a well that is 100 ft deep, through 2 mi of horizontal 4 in. sch 40 steel pipe, to a water tower that is 150 ft high. 

A pump takes water from a reservoir and delivers it to a water tower. The water in the tower is at atmospheric pressure and is 120 ft above the reservoir. The pipeline is composed of 1000 ft of straight 2 in. sch 40 pipe containing 32 gate valves, two globe valves, and 14 standard elbows. If the water is to be pumped at a rate of 100 gpm using a pump that is 70% efficient, what horsepower motor would be required to drive the pump ... 

A water tower supplies water to a small community of 800 houses. The level of the water in the tank is 120 ft above ground level, and the water main from the tower to the housing area is 1 mi of sch 40 commercial steel pipe. The water system is designed to provide a minimum pressure of 15 psig at peak demand, which is estimated to be 2 gpm per house. 

The local fire department arrivedjust after the explosion at 11 22 A.M. With the limited water supply on two of the fire trucks and the utilization of another fire truck to pump water directly from a nearby cooling water tower basin, the firemen were able to slow the fire spread. By 11 30 A.M., the Maintenance Department was able to transfer the set of batteries from the impaired diesel fire pump to the other diesel fire pump. On completion of this task, this diesel fire pump was started. The automatic deluge sprinkler protection was severely damaged by the fire/explosions and had to be valved into the off position. Three fixed monitors were turned onto lull flow and directed at the fire. Also, the firemen and fire brigade used two hose streams olF nearby fire hydrants for fire fighting purposes. At 11 58 A.M., the fire was under control. Final fire extinguishment was accomplished by 12 10 p.m. 

Keywords Alpine hydrology, Precipitation, Runoff, Water balance, Water towers Contents... 

As the world s water towers, mountains will continue to play an essential role in meeting increased demands for food, drinking water, energy supplies, and industrial production in the twenty-first century. Thanks to their specific climatic and hydro-logical characteristics, mountains play a key role in the global water cycle. Water... 

Viviroli D, Diirr HH, Messerli B, Meybeck M, Weingartner R (2007) Mountains of the world - water towers for humanity typology, mapping and global significance. Water Resour Res 43 W07447. doi 10.1029/2006WR005653... 

Messerli B, Viviroli D, Weingartner R (2004) Mountains of the world vulnerable water towers for the 21st century. Ambio Special Rep 13 29-34... 

Liniger HP, Weingartner R, Grosjean M (1998) Mountains of the World - Water towers for the 21st Century. Department of Geography, University of Berne, Switzerland, Berne... 

Mountains are the water towers of the world. However, they are not only an important source of water but also a source of key resources such as energy, minerals, and forest and agricultural products. They offer a multitude of recreational opportunities, and probably most importantly, serve as storehouses for biological diversity. Mountains provide the living space for about 10% of the world s population. A much larger percentage of the population profits from the various services of mountains, most of which depend on water. 

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