Volatile liquid classification

Classification of gases, chemical vapour and volatile liquids... 

The classification of gases, vapour and volatile liquids according to their ignition temperatures has been given in Table 7.4. The basic requirements of these enclosures,... 

Basic Classification of Flammable and Combustible Liquids Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases, and Volatile Solids... 

NMAB. 1982. Classification of Gases, Liquids and Volatile Solids Relative to Explosion-Proof Electrical Equipment. Report NMAB 353-5. National Academy Press, Washington, DC (August 1982). 

FPN No. 1) For additional information on the properties and group classification of Class I materials, see Manual for Classification of Gases, Vapors, and Dusts for Electrical Equipment in Hazardous (Classified) Locations, NFPA 497M-1991, and Guide to Eire Hazard Properties ofElammable Liquids, Gases, and Volatile Solids, NFPA 325—1994. 

FPN) The Zone 2 classification usually includes locations where volatile flammable liquids or flammable gases or vapors are used, but which would become hazardous only in case of an accident or of some unusual operating condition. 

NFPA-325 Guide to Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases and Volatile Solids, (1994 ed.), NFPA-321 Basic Classification of Flammable and Combustible Liquids (1991 ed.), NFPA-497A, Classification of Class 1 Hazardous (Classified) Locations for Electrical Installations in Chemical Process Areas (1992 ed.), and NFPA-497B, Classification of Class II Hazardous (Classified) Locations for Electrical Installations in Chemical Process Areas (1991 ed.), National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA. 

The solvent triangle classification method of Snyder Is the most cosDBon approach to solvent characterization used by chromatographers (510,517). The solvent polarity index, P, and solvent selectivity factors, X), which characterize the relative importemce of orientation and proton donor/acceptor interactions to the total polarity, were based on Rohrscbneider s compilation of experimental gas-liquid distribution constants for a number of test solutes in 75 common, volatile solvents. Snyder chose the solutes nitromethane, ethanol and dloxane as probes for a solvent s capacity for orientation, proton acceptor and proton donor capacity, respectively. The influence of solute molecular size, solute/solvent dispersion interactions, and solute/solvent induction interactions as a result of solvent polarizability were subtracted from the experimental distribution constants first multiplying the experimental distribution constant by the solvent molar volume and thm referencing this quantity to the value calculated for a hypothetical n-alkane with a molar volume identical to the test solute. Each value was then corrected empirically to give a value of zero for the polar distribution constant of the test solutes for saturated hydrocarbon solvents. These residual, values were supposed to arise from inductive and... 

In the last decade much effort has been oriented to the fabrication of artificial olfaction machines able to determine chemical images (also odor images) of complex volatile compounds. Today many different electronic noses and tongues are available for odor detection and classification and for the creation of chemical images of liquids. 

In Chapter 1 and again above, we introduced the cosmochemical classification of elements based on their relative volatilities in a system of cosmic (solar) composition. In a cooling solar gas, elements condense in a certain order, depending on their volatility (Table 7.1). Condensation and evaporation partition elements between coexisting gas and solid (or liquid) phases, and the removal of one or the other of these phases can fractionate element abundances of the system as a whole from their original cosmic relative proportions. 

Volatile A volatile substance is capable of readily changing from a solid or liquid to a vapour or gas. Gives a basis for the concept of classification of aromatic components into top (most volatile), middle (intermediate volatility) and base (least volatile) notes. Used as a noun to denote a volatile compound or substance. 

CONSENSUS REPORTS lARC Cancer Review Group 1 IMEMDT 7,174,87 Animal Sufficient Evidence, Human Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 35,83,85 Human Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 3,22,73. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. OSHA PEL TWA 0.2 mg/mL Carcinogen ACGIH TLV TWA 0.2 mg/m (volatile). Confirmed Human Carcinogen NIOSH REL (Coal Tar Products) TWA 0.1 mg/m3 CHE fraction DOT CLASSIFICATION 3 Label Flammable Liquid... 

So far we have discussed solvation properties at a reference temperature of 120°C. The choice of reference temperature arises from historical considerations. McReynolds chose this temperature to compile his extensive database of retention measurements for volatile solutes on a large number of stationary phases. His database has been widely used for exploring new approaches to stationary phase classification and has influenced others into using the same temperature to collect additional reference data to maintain compatibility with the original database. The choice of a standard reference temperature is of less concern than whether a single reference temperature is sufficient to classify solvent properties for use at temperatures distant from the reference temperature. There is only a limited amount of data for the influence of temperature on selectivity in gas-liquid chromatography [53,81,103,121,122]. In general polar interactions are... 

NOTE This classification usually includes locations where volatile flammable liquids or liquefied flammable gases are transferred from one container to another interiors of spray booths and areas in the vicinity of spraying and painting operations where volatile flammable solvents are used locations containing open tanks or vats of volatile flammable liquids drying rooms or compartments for the evaporation of flammable solvents inadequately ventilated pump rooms for flammable gas or for volatile flammable liquids and all other locations where ignitable concentrations of flammable vapors or gases are likely to occur in the course of normal operations. 

NOTE This classification usually includes locations where volatile flammable liquids or flammable gases or vapors are used, but which would become hazardous only in case of an accident or of some unusual operating condition. The quantity of flammable material that might escape in case of accident, the adequacy of ventilating equipment, the total area involved, and the record of the Industry or business with respect to explosions or fires are all factors that merit consideration in determining the classification and extent of each location. 

Class A Consists of systems which show complete liquid/liquid miscibility over a range of temperatures extending up to the critical temperature of the more volatile component (i.e. of the solvent). Partial miscibility may occur at lower temperatures but does not persist up to the critical temperature of the more volatile component. This very broad class includes types I, II and IV in Rowlinson s classification. 

Due to the existence of different adhesive systems and the potential hazards associated with each system, there are different types of pack ing as well as stor e conditions and shelf fives. Adhesives can be differentiated based on specific criterion and properties. In the literature, one can find various classifications based on the assembly process, delivery form, adhesion mechanism, or application. Within the same adhesive group, the adhesives can be further differentiated based on their physical states or characteristics liquid, paste, or solid (throi viscosity measurements and rheological characterization), and solvent based, water based, or those without volatile content (through solid content measurements). Another classification can be made based on the adhesion mechanism physically dried adhesives from solution, solidified hot-melt adhesive, or chemically cross-linked single- and two-component reactive adhesives. 

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