Vitamins vitamin C

ConsumerLab.com is an independent testing company that evaluates whether certain dietary supplements have met their standardization claims. Dietary supplements that have been tested include herbs (ginkgo, saw palmetto, ginseng), vitamins (vitamin C), and others (glucosamine, chondroitin, SAMe). Products that meet the German testing standards are published at the ConsumerLab.com website [33]. 

Dietary deficiency anaemia, which is due to deficient supply of various factors e.g. iron, folic acid, vitamin vitamin C and pyridoxine which are essential for normal blood formation. 

Figure I. Artificial diet feeding bioassay for lepidopterous larvae. The diet contained (I) Solid nutrients (casein, sugar, salt, wheat germ) (2) Buffered vitamin solution (B vitamins, vitamin C) and (3) 4% agar.

Amino acids. Sucrose, B-vitamins Vitamin C, Saits, Trace Metals Cholesterol ajusted to pH 8.7... 

Plants are significant to the diet of humans and animals since they provide most of the essential nutrients and vitamins. Vitamins C (ascorbic acid), E (a-tocopherol) and K (phylloquinone) are biosynthesized by plants, while (3-carotene, the precursor of vitamin A and ergosterol, the precursor of vitamin D, are also secondary plant metabolites. These metabolites are used in folk medicine and for industrial purposes, as raw materials for pharmaceutical and other products [3]. On the other hand, plants may produce substances, which are toxic and/or irritant to man. 

Ascorbic acid as a water-soluble vitamin (vitamin C) is an essential component in the human diet. As one of many anti-oxidants (vitamin E and 3-carotene are examples of fat-soluble anti-oxidants), ascorbic acid is required for the growth and repair of tissues in all parts of the body. It is necessary to form collagen, an important protein used to make skin, scar tissue, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels. 

Some types rich in the B vitamins, vitamin C, and [3-carotene... 

Additionally there has been an increasing interest in the role of vitamins, especially the antioxidant vitamins, vitamins C and E, and the carotenoids in protection from ultraviolet (UV)- or chemically-induced oxidative stress as well as in the prevention and treatment of photoaged skin. UVB radiation (280 to 320 nm) is mostly absorbed in the epidermis, can directly damage DNA, and... 

Ascorbic acid is an unusual vitamin in that it can be synthesized by most mammals however, it cannot be made by humans, primates, guinea pigs, and fruit bats. Ascorbic acid is synthesized from glucose in a six-step pathway Mammals that cannot make the vitamin lack the last enzyme of this pathway, gulonolactone oxidase. This enzyme occurs in the kidney of chickens, amphibians, and reptiles, and in the liver of most mammals (Banhegyi et at., 1997). Gulonolactone oxidase is a flavoprotein. Each catalytic event of the enzyme results in the conversion of O2 to HOOH. It might strike one as a paradox that a vitamin (vitamin C) that helps... 

Date pulp is low in fat and protein but rich in sugars, mainly fructose and glucose, making it a potent source of caloric energy. It contains excellent amounts of amino acids for protein dietary minerals such as selenium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, and iron several B vitamins vitamin C omega fatty acids phytosterols and both insoluble and prebi-... 

Vitamin C may be found in citrus fruits, tomatoes, leafy green vegetables, and potatoes and used to metabolize carbohydrates and used for synthesis of protein, lipids, and collagen. Vitamin C is also required for capillary endothelium and repair of tissues. Vitamin C aids in the absorption of iron and the metabolism of foMc acid. Unlike fat-soluble vitamins, vitamin C is not stored in the body and is excreted in urine. However, high serum levels of vitamin C can result from excessive doses and be excreted without any change. Vitamin C is commercially available as Ascorbicap, Cecon, Cevalin, Solucap C. 

There is only few published data concerning vitamin content and bioavailability of vitamin forms contained in edible seaweeds. Generally, seaweeds contain both water- and fat-soluble vitamins, B-complex vitamins, vitamin C, provitamin A, and vitamin E, but some of them only in relatively low content. 

There are 13 vitamins known to be Important In human nutrition. Included In this class of essential nutrients are vitamin A, B-complex (actually composed of a group of 8 vitamins), vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K. We can subdivide vitamins Into 1) the lipid (fat)-soluble compounds (vitamins A, D, E, and K), meaning they dissolve readily In fat and 2) the water-soluble compounds, vitamin B-complex (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B, panthothenlc acid, vitamin B] 2> biotin, and folic acid) and vitamin C, which dissolves readily In aqueous solutions. It has been three decades since the last vitamin (B] 2) discovered In 1948 and as stated by Herbert (1980), It Is probable that no new vitamins will be found. There are substances which are growth factors for other forms of life, such as bacteria, but not for humans. Para-amlnobenzolc acid (PABA), bioflavonoids (vitamin P), choline. Inositol, llpolc acid, and ubiquinone are just a few of these examples. 

Excesses of water-soluble vitamins (vitamin C and the vitamin B complex) are not stored in the body to any great extent, so toxicities from food sources of these nutrients are rare. However, people who take very large doses (megadoses) in the form of supplements run the risk of dangerous, druglike effects. 

This refers to an excessive intake of certain vitamins. The best known vitamin toxicities are those which result from vitamin A (known as hypervitaminosis A) and vitamin D (known as hypervitaminosis D), because (1) these vitamins are fat-soluble, (2) small amounts of them have strong effects, and (3) they tend to accumulate in the liver. Toxic effects do not occur so readily with vitamins E and K, which are also fat-soluble, unless high potency supplements are taken. Excesses of water-soluble vitamins (vitamin C and the vitamin B complex) are not stored in the body to any great extent, so toxicities from food sources of these nutrients are rare. However, people who take very large doses (mega-... 

N iadn has, along the way, been known as vitamin P-P, pellagra-preventive vitamin, vitamin C, vitamin B-3, vitamin B-4, and vitamin B-5. 

Among the vitamins, vitamin C has a long medical history. The Egyptian Ebers papyrus from 1550 bc already describes the avitaminose symptoms of scurvy. Scurvy is caused by a dietary lack of vitamin C, which the human as well as guinea pigs cannot synthesize. 

Ascorbic acid is a vitamin (vitamin C) for only a limited number of species man and the other primates, bats, the guinea pig, and a number of birds and fishes. 

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