Scar tissue

Fli gewebe, n. scar tissue mending tissue. Flieder, m. elder (spanischer) lilac, -bltite,/. 

Narben, m. (Leather, etc.) grain, -bildung, /. scar formation, cicatrization pitting, -bin-degewebe, -gewebe, n. scar tissue, -leder, n. grain leather. -Si, n. (Leather) grain oil. 

The objectives of the inflammatory response can be viewed as a hierarchical ordered panel of events. The most successful consequence of an inflammatory response is the complete restoration of function and structure of the affected tissue, also denoted as resolution. If this is not possible, inflammation aims for healing by repair and replacement of lost tissue by scar tissue. 

Another well-established area of mechanical finite-element analysis is in the motion of the structures of the human middle ear (Figure 9.3). Of particular interest are comparisons between the vibration pattern of the eardrum, and the mode of vibration of the middle-ear bones under normal and diseased conditions. Serious middle-ear infections and blows to the head can cause partial or complete detachment of the bones, and can restrict their motion. Draining of the middle ear, to remove these products, is usually achieved by cutting a hole in the eardrum. This invariably results in the formation of scar tissue. Finite-element models of the dynamic motion of the eardrum can help in the determination of the best ways of achieving drainage without affecting significantly the motion of the eardrum. Finite-element models can also be used to optimise prostheses when replacement of the middle-ear bones is necessary. 

Cirrhosis is the progressive replacement of normal hepatic cells by fibrous scar tissue. This scarring is accompanied by the loss of viable hepatocytes, which are the functional cells of the liver. Progressive cirrhosis is irreversible and leads to portal hypertension that is in turn responsible for many of the complications of advanced liver disease. These consequences include (but are not limited to) spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), hepatic encephalopathy, and variceal bleeding.1... 

Sinusoidal damage from cirrhosis is the most common cause of portal hypertension. The sinusoids are porous vessels within the liver that surround radiating rows of hepatocytes, the basic functional cells of the liver (Fig. 19-2). Progressive destruction of hepatocytes and an increase in fibroblasts and connective tissue surrounding the hepatocytes culminate in cirrhosis. Fibrosis and regenerative nodules of scar tissue... 

Fig. 5. (a) Schematic of the scaffold design showing the inner and outer scaffolds, (b and c) Inner scaffolds seeded with NSCs. (Scale bars 200 pm and 50 tm, respectively.) The outer section of the scaffold was created by means of a solid-liquid phase separation technique that produced long, axially oriented pores for axonal guidance as well as radial pores to allow fluid transport and inhibit the ingrowth of scar tissue (d scale bar, 100 pm), (e) Schematic of surgical insertion of the implant into the spinal cord. [Reproduced with permission from Teng et al. (2002).]... 

There are two different mechanisms behind ordinary causes of constipation, functional and outlet obstructions. Functional constipation is caused by the slower movement of the colon, peristalsis, which comes with old age, often in combination with less physical activity and less intake of fibre containing food. Outlet obstruction is a result of incapacity to empty the rectum from faeces often due to too large masses of stool blocking the anus. It can also be caused by anal stricture from haemorrhoids or scar tissue caused by fissures. 

Cell-mediated response to substances results in the formation of scar tissue in the supporting tissue of the lung... 

The number of satellite cells in skeletal muscle declines with age so that recovery after injury is slower in the elderly. Moreover, no satellite cells are present in cardiac muscle, and damage (e.g. after a heart attack) is not repaired but is replaced by scar tissue. These are no reports of severe muscle damage in top sports personalities berg treated with embryonic stem cells. Rapid recovery from such damage, may be financially rewarding to both the athlete and the club, so that such treatment may be considered in the future. 

Figure 21.1. Stents are used to open arteries of the heart blocked by atherosclerotic plaques (A) a balloon and stent are placed across the plaque (B) the balloon is expanded, leaving the stent to prop open the artery (C) restenosis is the process wherein scar tissue builds up around the stent, again causing a flow restriction. A balloon is required for stainless steel, whereas a nitinol stent will expand on its own, due to the shape memory property of nitinol. (From Ref. 11, with permission.)...

Zotarolimus (53 Endeavor stent) Sirolimus (33) Macrolide antibiotic Semi-synthetic NP Microbial Cardiovascular surgery Inhibits cell proliferation, preventing scar tissue formation and minimizes restenosis in angioplasty patients 467 74... 

Whether liver regeneration will dominate over scar tissue formation depends on many factors, including the nature and the duration of the injury and the genetic background of the individual. It is still unclear at which point liver regeneration is no longer possible and fibroge-... 

The clinical aspects of asbestosis are well defined and predictable. First, the lung tissue changes to scar tissue as inflammation, initiated by the cells normally in the tissue or air spaces, is expressed as an increase of inelastic collagen. The fibrosed or scar tissue renders the lung tissue stiff and narrows the airways. Mechanical constraints become obvious as the patient expends more effort to breathe. 

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