Synthetic viruses

HSV-tk Ganciclovir (cytovene, Herpes simplex virus synthetic nucleo- (HSV) thymidine kinase side analogue)... 

The RNA oligomers studied by these authors [115, 116] are several evolved sequences (hepatitis delta virus), synthetic polymers (poly-U), and various random RNA sequences. The random sequences are obtained from the HDV sequence by a permutation of the nucleotides in which base composition is fixed [115, 116]. The lengths of all RNA oligonucleotide fragments are 85 nucleotides [115, 116],... 

It is essential to study the biodistribution of components involved in gene transfer (virus, synthetic vector, or nucleic acid) to identify all in vivo barriers. This study indicates what proportion of the administered dose actually reaches the target, as well as any unexpected localizations (according to the quantity at each site) or blocking sites, which is of particular interest because it allows prediction of the... 

Figure 30 Quasi-equivalency of natural and synthetic supramolecular systems with cylindrical and spherical shapes (a) TMV, (b) icosahedral virus synthetic analog of (a) and (b) have been self-assembled from (c) tapered, and (d) conical monodendrons. (Courtesy of Nature 1998, 391, 8, 161. Copyright 1998 Macmillan Magazines Limited.)...

For example, treatment of dione 12 with hydrochloric acid yielded furan 13, a key synthetic intermediate for the production of a variety of compounds that were recently investigated for anticancer activity. Related inquiries by members of the same research team identified furans derived from IS as potential treatments for RNA viruses. Furan IS was prepared by condensation of dione 14 with catalytic sulfuric acid in refluxing acetic anhydride. ... 

Matrosovich M, Klenk H-D (2003) Natural and synthetic sialic acid-containing inhibitors of influenza virus receptor binding. Rev Med Virol 13 85-97 Matrosovich MN, Matrosovich TY, Gray T, Roberts NA, Klenk H-D (2004) Neuraminidase is important for the initiation of influenza virus infection in human airway epithelium. J Virol 78 12665-12667... 

Wild C, Oas T, McDanal C, Bolognesi D, Matthews T (1992) A synthetic peptide inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus replication correlation between solution structure and viral inhibition, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 10537-10541... 

Wild C, GreenweU T, Matthews T (1993) A synthetic peptide from HlV-1 gp41 is a potent inhibitor of virus-mediated cell-cell fusion, AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 9 1051-1053... 

Despite the availability of an effective HBV vaccine, the virus is still a major health problem with approximately 350 million persons infected worldwide. Hepatitis an infection of the liver that is caused by a variety of RNA viruses (hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus). RNAi has been used to inhibit HBV replication both in vitro and in vivo (Carmona et al. 2006 Ely et al. 2008 Hamasaki et al. 2003 Klein et al. 2003 Konishi et al. 2003 Weinberg et al. 2007 Ying et al. 2003). HBV is a member of the Hepadnaviridae and its genome is a 3.2-kb double-stranded circular DNA. Synthetic siRNAs and shRNA expression constructs showed potent inhibition of HBV replication in mice (Chen et al. 2005, 2007 GUadi et al. 2003 McCaffrey et al. 2003 Morrissey et al. 2005b Shin et al. 2006 Wu et al. 2005b ... 

Pelham, H.R.B. Bienz, M. (1982). A synthetic heat-shock promoter element confers heat-inducibility on the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene. EM BO Journal, 1,1473-7. 

Lactide/glycoUde polymers have been investigated for delivery of several other macromolecules. Synthetic double-stranded RNA, poly-isosinic acid/polycytidylic acid, a potent inducer of interferon, was formulated in a 53 47 copolymer of DL-lactide-co-glycoUde. The microspheres were evaluated in mice challenged with Right Valley fever virus. More than 16 days protection was afforded versus only 3 days for controls (137). 

Lamivudine (Epivir-HBV) is an oral synthetic cytosine nucleoside analogue having antiviral effects against HIV and hepatitis B virus. In patients with chronic hepatitis B, lamivudine is effective in suppressing hepatitis B viral replication, normalizing... 

Batinic D, Robey FA. The V3 region of the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 binds sulfated polysaccharides and CD4-derived synthetic peptides. J Biol Chem 1992 267 6664-6671. 

---