Human immunodeficiency virus replication

Wild C, Oas T, McDanal C, Bolognesi D, Matthews T (1992) A synthetic peptide inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus replication correlation between solution structure and viral inhibition, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 10537-10541... 

Daelemans, D., Schols, D., Witvrouw, M., Rannecouque, C., Hatse, S., Door-EN, S.V., Hamy, F., Klimkait, X, Clercq, E.D., and Vandamme, A.-M. A second target for the peptoid Xat/transactivation response element inhibitor CGP64222 Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus replication by blocking CXC-chemo-kine receptor 4-mediated virus entry. 

A variety of other clinically important infections, such as brucellosis, listeriosis, salmonellosis, and various Mycobacterium infections, are of interest as these are often localized in organs rich in MPS cells. Liposome encapsulation has been demonstrated to improve therapeutic indices of several drugs in a number of infectious models. The natural avidity of macrophages for liposomes can also be exploited in the application of the vesicles as carriers of immunomodulators to activate these cells to an microbicidal, antiviral, or tumoricidal state. These studies were recently reviewed by Emmen and Storm (1987), Popescu et al. (1987), and Alving (1988). In addition to the treatment of "old" infectious diseases, the concept of MPS-directed drug delivery is of considerable interest for the therapy AIDS, possibly enabling control of human immunodeficiency virus replication in human macrophages. 

Roth, M.D. et al., Cocaine enhances human immunodeficiency virus replication in a model of severe combined immunodeficient mice implanted with human peripheral blood leukocytes, J. Infect. Dis., 185, 701, 2002. 

Lu X, Yu Q, Binder GK, Chen Z, et al. 2004. Antisense-mediated inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus replication by use of an HIV type I based vector results in severely attenuated mutants incapable of developing resistance. J Virol. 78 7079-7088. 

The human immunodeficiency virus replicates by converting its single-standed RNA into double-stranded DNA which is incorporated into host DNA this crucial conversion, the reverse of the normal cellular transcription of nucleic acids, is accomplished by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. Zidovudine, as the triphosphate, was the first anti-HIV drug to be introduced and has a high affinity for reverse transcriptase. It is integrated by it into the viral DNA chain, causing premature chain termination. The drug must be present continuously to prevent viral alteration of the host DNA, which is permanent once it occurs. 

Baba, M., Pauwels, R., Herdewijn, P., De Clercq, E., Desmyter, J., and Vandeputte, M. (1987) Both 2, 3 -dideoxythymidine and its 2, 3 -unsaturated derivative (2, 3 -dideoxythymidinene) are potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus replication in vitro. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 142, 128-134. 

De Rijck J, Vandekerckhove L, Gijsbers R et al (2006) Overexpression of the lens epithelium-derived growth factor/p75 integrase binding domain inhibits human immunodeficiency virus replication. J Virol 80 11498-11509... 

Mengozzi M, De Filippi C, Transidico P, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus replication induces monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in human macrophages and U937 promonocytic cells. Blood 1999 93 1851-1857. 

Cameron and C.R. Penn, The Separated Enantiomers of 2 -Deoxy-3 -Thiacytidine (BCH 189) Both Inhibit Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication In Vitro, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 202(1992). 

Princen, K. et al. (2004) Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus replication by a dual CCR5/CXCR4 antagonist. Jourrud of Virology, 78 (23), 12996-13006. 

Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus replication by ascorbate in chronically and acutely infected cells... 

Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus replication by ascorbate in chronically and acutely infected cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 87 (1990) 7245— 7249. (Steve Harakeh, Raxit J. Jariwalla, and Linus Pauling). SP 142 ... 

Tochikura St, Nakashima H, Kaneko Y, Kobayashi N, Yamamoto N (1987) Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus replication by 3 -azido-3 -deoxythymidine in various human hematopoietic cell lines in vitro Augmentation of the effect by lentinan. Jpn J Cancer Res (Gann) 78 583-589... 

Fantini J, Baghdiguian S, Yahi N, Chermann JC. Selected human immunodeficiency virus replicates preferentially through the basolateral surface of differentiated human colon epithelial cells. Virology. 1991 185(2) 904r-907. Fantini J, Yahi N, Chermann JC. Human immunodeficiency virus can infect the apical and basolateral surfaces of human colonic epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1991 88(20) 9297-9301. 

Wolday D, Akuffo H, Demissie A, Britton S (1999) Role of Leishmania donovani and Its Lipophosphoglycan in CD4(+) T-cell Activation-Induced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication. Infect Immun 67(10) 5258-5264. 

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