Heat shock promoter elements

Pelham, H.R.B. Bienz, M. (1982). A synthetic heat-shock promoter element confers heat-inducibility on the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene. EM BO Journal, 1,1473-7. 

Induction of heat-shock proteins depends upon a heat-shock promoter element (HSE) that binds an activating transcription factor HSF.452-455 An increase in temperature not only induces synthesis of heat-shock proteins but represses synthesis of most other proteins. Thus, in E. coli or Salmonella a shift from 30°C to 42°C causes the appearance of 13 heat-shock proteins. At 50°C synthesis of almost all other proteins stops. In E. coli transcription of heat-shock genes is controlled by alternative factors, o32 and oE.456 456a... 

Functional analysis of heat shock promoter elements... 

Schoffi, F., Rieping, M., Baumann, G., Bevan, M.W. Angermiiller, S. (1989). The function of plant heat shock promoter elements in the regulated expression of chimaeric genes in transgenic tobacco. Molecular and General Genetics 217, 246-53. 

Induction of heat-shock proteins depends upon a heat-shock promoter element (HSE) that binds an activating transcription factor An increase... 

Several copies of this sequence, known as the heat-shock response element, are present starting at a site 15 bp upstream of the TATA box. HSTF differs from a 32 a heat-shock protein of E. coli (Section 28.1.2). in binding directly to response elements in heat-shock promoters rather than first becoming associated with RNA polymerase. 

Phosphorylation of HSF substantially enhances the transcriptional activity of HS gene expression which may be up to 100-fold of basal levels after HSFl binds to the promoter element. Heat shock will increase the C-terminal-domain-kinase activity in cell extracts, and this action may enhance the activity of RNA polymerase II that is bound to HS genes (Legagneux et al., 1990). Whether this kinase activity also affects HSFl phosphorylation is not known, but increased HS gene expression appears to occur as long as HSFl is bound to the promoter region. The CTD kinase complex contains multiple proteins, and it is quite possible that one or more of these proteins is also regulated by stress. 

Schoffl, F., Raschke, E. Nagao, R.T. (1984). The DNA sequence analysis of soybean heat-shock genes and identification of possible regulatory promoter elements. EMBO Journal, 3, 2491-7. 

Activation of steroid hormone receptors by the hormone. In the absence of the hormone, the steroid receptors are complexed through the hormone-binding domain to another protein known as heat shock protein 90 (hsp90). Both the hormone-binding domain and the hsp90 prevent functional interaction of the receptor with DNA. Binding of the hormone frees the receptor from hsp90 and promotes dimerization of the receptor, which can then bind to the palindromic hormone response element (HRE) and activate transcription. 

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