Viruses chemotherapy

Hepatitis C virus NS3/NS4A protease inhibitors, 44 (2006) 65 Herpes virus, chemotherapy, 23 (1985) 67 Heterocyclic analogues of GABA,... 

Hamre D, Brownlee KA, Donovick R (1951) Studies on the chemotherapy of vaccinia virus. II. The activity of some thiosemicarbazones. J Immunol 67 305-312... 

De Clercq E, Eield H J (2006) Antiviral prodrugs - the development of successful prodrug strategies for antiviral chemotherapy. Brit J Pharmacol 147 1-11 De Clercq E, Hol A, Rosenberg I, Sakuma T, Balzarini J, Maudgal PC (1986) A novel selective broad-spectrum anti-DNA virus agent. Nature 323 464 67 De Clercq E, Sakuma T, Baba M, Pauwels R, Balzarini J, Rosenberg I, Hol A (1987) Antiviral activity of phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivatives of purine and pyrimidines. Antiviral Res 8 261-272... 

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B neuraminidase and its complex with sialic acid. Embo J 11 49-56 Burmeister WP, Henrissat B, Bosso C, Cusack S, Ruigrok RW (1993) Influenza B virus neuraminidase can synthesize its own inhibitor. Structure 1 19-26 Calfee DP, Hayden FG (1998) New approaches to influenza chemotherapy neuraminidase inhibitors, Drugs 56 537-553... 

Hagiwara T, Kijima-Suda I, Ido T, Ohrui H, Tomita K (1994) Inhibition of bacterial and viral sialidases by 3-fluoro-V-acetyIneuraminic acid, Carbohydr Res 263 167-172 Haskell TH, Peterson FE, Watson D, Plessas NR, Culbertson T (1970) Neuraminidase inhibition and viral chemotherapy, J Med Chem 13 697-704 Hatakeyama S, Sugaya N, Ito M, Yamazaki M, Ichikawa M, Kimura K, Kiso M, Shimizu H, Kawakami C, Koike K, Mitamura K, Kawaoka Y (2007) Emergence of influenza B viruses with reduced sensitivity to neuraminidase inhibitors, JAMA 297 1435-1442 Hay AJ (1992) The action of adamantanamines against influenza A viruses inhibition of the M2 ion channel protein, Semin Virol 3 21-30... 

Smee DE, Bailey KW, Morrison AC, SidweU RW (2002) Combination treatment of influenza A virus infections in ceU culture and in mice with the cyclopentane neuraminidase inhibitor RWJ-270201 and ribavirin. Chemotherapy 48 88-93... 

Yamashita M, Ohno A, TomozawaT, Yoshida S (2003) R-118958, a unique anti-influenza agenf. I. A prodrug form of R-125489, a novel inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidase. In 43rd in-tersdence conference on antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Chicago, USA, Sept 14-17, Poster F-1829... 

The identification of inhibitors of virus subunit assembly has been an objective of virologists for several years but it is only recently that papers have been published that demonstrate the validity of this approach to antiviral chemotherapy. It is hoped that the information provided by the compounds described above will provide the foundation for the generation of potent antiviral drugs to combat diseases caused by HIV, HBV and other viruses. 

The effect of chemical and physical agents on viruses 9 The problems of viral chemotherapy... 

Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine is a live virus vaccine that should be used with caution in immunosuppressed children, such as those with cancer receiving chemotherapy, solid organ or bone marrow transplantation, or receiving other immunosuppressive drugs, such as steroids in a dose... 

Carcinogenic agents include chemicals in the environment, such as aniline and benzene, which are associated with the development of bladder cancer and leukemia, respectively. Environmental factors, such as excessive sun exposure, also may result in cancer. Viruses, including the human papilloma virus and hepatitis B, maybe associated with the development of cancer. Some of the chemotherapy agents cause secondary cancers after therapy has been completed. Numerous factors may contribute to the development of cancer. 

De Clercq E. Current lead natural products for the chemotherapy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIY) infection. Med Res Rev 2000 20 323-349. 

To determine if the high in vitro potents of the anti-HIV compound 30 translates into antiviral efficiency in vivo, Datema et al. investigated the inhibition of HIV-1 production and of depletion of human T cells in HIV-1-infected SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice [37]. Steady levels of 100 ng of 30 or higher per mL in plasma resulted in significant inhibition of HIV p24 protein formation. Daily injection of 30 caused a dose-dependent decrease in viral p24 production, and this inhibition could be potentiated by coadministration of AZT (or DDI). This study suggested that 30 alone or in combination with the licensed anti-HIV agents AZT and DDI may decrease the virus load in HIV-infected patients and, by extension, that the infectious cell entry step is a valid target for antiviral chemotherapy of HIV disease. 

Patients with active malignant disease may receive killed vaccines or toxoids but should not be given live vaccines. Live virus vaccines may be administered to persons with leukemia who have not received chemotherapy for at least 3 months. 

The rapid identification of anti-HIV compounds in the laboratory following the isolation of the causative virus in 1983 and their subsequent use in treatment was not unexpected. Three decades of previous work has established a scientific basis for the evaluation of antiviral compounds. However, no antiviral yet discovered can cause total blockade of a virus replicating in a cell. The combination of properties of HIV, including latency and antigenic and biochemical variation, is unusual, and the virus represents a daunting challenge for chemotherapy. 

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