Virus-induced proteins

Pierpoint, W., Tatham, A. Pappin, D. (1987). Identification of the virus-induced protein of tobacco leaves that resembles the sweet-protein thaumatin. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 31, 291-8. 

Figure 6-20. Polio virus-induced proteins from the cytoplasm of infected HeLa cells. Proteins were separated by SDS acrylamide gel electrophoresis and the gels fractionated using an autogeldivider. (O) Distribution of tritium-containing proteins from cells infected and then labeled under conditions where only virus-specified proteins are made. ( ) Distribution of the label of C labeled purified virions. [From Summers et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. US, 54 505 (1965).]...

The above sections have described several different mechanisms which have been proposed and explored during the last decade to explain the selective inhibition of host cell protein synthesis in poliovirus-infected cells. Admittedly, this author s bias has presented each mechanism as a straw man, requiring the reader to await what is perceived at this time to be the correct explanation for this aspect of the regulation of protein synthesis in poliovirus-infected cells. The favored model will be discussed in this and subsequent sections. It is important to state, however, that there is no convincing evidence that other picornaviruses are necessarily similar to poliovirus in the mechanism(s) utilized for host protein synthesis inhibition and that the mechanisms described above, as well as others, cannot all be dismissed in every case of picorna virus-induced protein synthesis inhibition. Thus, the data for other picornaviruses will be reviewed separately. 

The discovery of the base-paired, double-helical structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) provides the theoretic framework for determining how the information coded into DNA sequences is replicated and how these sequences direct the synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins. Already clinical medicine has taken advantage of many of these discoveries, and the future promises much more. For example, the biochemistry of the nucleic acids is central to an understanding of virus-induced diseases, the immune re-sponse, the mechanism of action of drugs and antibiotics, and the spectrum of inherited diseases. 

Brimnes MK, Bouifaz L, Steinman RM, Moran TM Influenza virus-induced dendritic cell maturation is associated with the induction of strong T cell immunity to a coadministered, normally nonimmunogenic protein. J Exp Med 2003 198 133-144. 

Engler OB, et al. A liposomal peptide vaccine inducing CD8(- -) T cells in HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice, which recognise human cells encoding hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins. Vaccine 2004 23 58. 

Birkenbach, M., Josefsen, K., Yalamanchili, R., Lenoir, G., and Kieff, E. (1993) Epstein-Barr virus-induced genes—ISt lymphocyte-specific G-protein-coupled peptide receptors. J. Virol. 

Webster, D.E., Smith, S.D., Rickering, R.J., Strugnell, R.A., Dry, I.B., and Wesselingh, S.L. (2006). Measles virus hemagglutinin protein expressed in transgenic lettuce induces neutralizing antibodies in mice following mucosal vaccination. Vaccine 24(17) 3538-3544. 

Wu, J., Yu, L., Long, L., Hu, J., Zhou, J., and Zhou, X. (2007). Oral immunization with transgenic rice seeds expressing VP2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus induces protective immune responses in chickens. Plant Biotechnol. J. 5(5) 570-578. 

Sandhu, J.S., Krasnyanski, S.F., Domier, L.L., Korban, S.S., Osadjan, M.D., and Buetow, D.E. (2000). Oral immunization of mice with transgenic tomato fruit expressing respiratory syncytial virus-F protein induces a systemic immune response. Transgenic Res. 9(2) 127-135. 

Cornelissen, B., Hooft van Huijsduijnen, R. Bol, J. (1986). A tobacco mosaic virus-induced tobacco protein is homologous to the sweet-tasting protein thaumatin. Nature 321, 531-2. 

The antigenicity, rather than the immunogenicity, should drive the research and development of new VLP-based vaccines and thus antibody reactivity tests should be performed as early in the process as possible. For example, a porcine parvovirus vaccine is composed of a single viral protein (VP2), which represents 95% of the native virus total protein and is able do induce antibody production in immunized animals (Rueda et al., 1999). In contrast, the human parvovirus B19 contains the exact same proportion of VP2 in the native virus but VLPs made solely of VP2 are unable to induce neutralizing antibodies (Brown et al., 1991 Tsao et al., 1996). In this case even a VLP containing VP1 and VP2 at a ratio of 1 24, respectively, which is very similar to that of the native virus, was not... 

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