Vinyl-acrylic latex formulations

Although acidic paint formulations based on the chlorine-containing vinyl acrylic latex copolymer give excellent anti-corrosive performance, they do exhibit two unusual features not present in the corresponding alkaline formulations ... 

Substrates, Paints and Coatings. Both flash rusting and underfilm darkening studies exployed a white, pH 4.5, primer formulation (see Appendix), designated as Standard, based upon Haloflex 202, a chlorine-containing vinyl acrylic latex. A zinc phosphate free formulation, designated as Non-Standard, of pH6 was prepared by substitution of zinc phosphate for barytes. The comparison paints were a commercial butyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate water borne primer, formulated at pH 9, and a solvent based chlorinated rubber primer. 

Primer Formulation Based on Chlorine Containing Vinyl Acrylic Latex... 

A recipe to synthesize a vinyl acrylic latex for paint formulation is shown in Table 8. 

Three types of latex formulations have been prepared. The first formulation is an acrylic latex from methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate and acrylic acid using sodium lauryl sulfate and Synperonic NP20 (an ethoxylated nonylphenol) as surfactants. The second formulation is a vinyl acrylic latex from vinyl acetate, butyl acrylate and sodium vinyl sulfonate with sodium lauiyl sulfate as the surfactant. The third formulation is a styrene acrylic latex from styrene, butyl acrylate and methacrylic acid with sodium lauryl sulfate as the surfactant. Three experimental latex formulations analogous to the three above were also prepared with AMPS sodium salt replacing acrylic acid, sodium vinyl sulfonate and methacrylic acid respectively. 

Starch utilization in plastic and rubber compositions began in the 60s and 70s, with oxidised starch in rubber and other polymers, such as urethane foams, poly(vinyl alcohol) and copolymers of poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) formulations, and as a filler in plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) [37,39]. In another technique, gelatinized starch was mixed with PVC latex and the water was removed to give a PVC-starch composition, which was mixed with a PVC plasticizer such as dioctyl phthalate (DOP). 

In practical latex formulations, the latex particle size can play a major role in determining the rheology obtained with a given associative thickener. A thickener which provides nearly Newtonian flow with a large particle size, relatively hydrophilic latex (such as an interior paint grade vinyl-aciylic latex) may produce veiy high low-shear viscosity, and shear thinning when a smaller particle size, more hydrophobic acrylic latex is used in the same formulation. 

Chem. Descrip. Branched sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate CAS 25155-30-0 EINECS/ELINCS 246-680-4 Uses Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization (SBR, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, styrene, and acrylic latexes), paints/coatings emulsifier, dispersant for agric. formulations surfactant for washing fruits and vegetables food pkg. adhesives, paper defoamer in food-contact paper/ paperboard emulsifier in mfg. of food-contact articles Regulatory FDA 21 CFR 175.105,175.300,175.320,176.170,176.180, 176.200,176.210,178.3400 exempt from tolerance under EPA40CFR 180.1001 (c) (e) BGA XIV compliance Properties Flakes pH 6.0-9.5 (10%) surf. tens. 32 dynes/cm ( CMC) anionic 98% act. 

For PSA s, acrylic latexes (83)appear to be the most promising compounds because of their UV and thermal stability, and high resistance to the plasticizer migration from vinyl substrates. Acrylics also offer advantages in lower formulating and manufacturing costs. 

Recently Saunders (39) conducted a detailed study of emulsion latices made from methyl ethyl ketoxime-blocked lEM (lEM-MEKO). Compositions investigated were styrene/-butyl acrylate/IEM-MEKO, styrene/butyl aerylate/IEM-MEKO latex formulated with active hydrogen compounds and styrene/butyl acrylate/IEM-MEKO copolymerized with vinyl acids or hydroxy monomers. The effect of urethane catalysts on the deblocking/curing reaction was also studied. 

Polymer Areas Very fine particle size vinyl acetate, acrylic and styrene-acrylic latexes. Superior emulsifier for Zn-crosslinking latexes for floor finish formulations. Extremely low surfactant use levels. Excellent water-resistant properties. 

It has been demonstrated that AMPS Monomer can be an effective partial replacement for siufactants and other water-soluble monomers in three common types of latex formulations acrylic, vinyl acrylic and styrene acrylic. Improved latex properties and improved scrub resistance of coatings prepared from these latices have been demonstrated. 

Vegetable oil derived macromonomers were successfully synthesized from castor, lesquerella, and vemonia oils. CAM was effectively incorporated in vinyl-acrylic and all-acrylic latexes and facilitated film formation in the absence of coalescing solvents. Lesquerella and vemonia methacrylate macromonomers were synthesized and formulated into environmentally friendly UV cured coatings. The lesquerella and vemonia modified coatings exhibited good gloss, pencil hardness, and adhesion to steel substrates. 

Uses Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization (SBR, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, styrene, and acrylic latexes), paints/coatings emulsifier, dispersant for agric. formulations surfactant for washing fruits and vegetables food-pkg. adhesives, paper defoamer in tbod-conlact paper/paperboard emulsifier in mfg. of food-con-tdct drticiss... 

Uses Emulsifier for latexes, emulsion polymerization, vinyl-acrylic and styrene-acrylic polymers, and min. oils detergent food-pkg. adhesives emulsifier in mfg. of food-contact articles corrosion inhibitor Features APE-free allows clear formulations Reguiatory FDA 21CFR 175.105,178.3400 BGA XIV compliance Properties Gardner 3 max. limpid liq. sol. in water and most polar solvents insol. in aromatic solvents dens. 1.04 g/cc pour pt. = 5 Cl flash pt. > 100 C pH (5% aq.) 8.0-9.0 surf. tens. 40 dynes/cm 0.03% CMC 30% cone, in water Environmentai Biodeg. 

Uses Dispersant for latex paints including low sheen flat through semi-gloss acrylic, styrene-acrylic and vinyl-acrylic formulations Features Versatile, low-cost, non-foaming effective over a pH range of 7to 11 easy to process and handle... 

Uses Antifoam for paints, latex formulations, flat and semigloss paints, vinyl acrylic, acrylic, PVAc aq. paints, water-reducible coalings based on acrylic, styrene acrylic, aq. adhesives based on acrylic, PVA, SBR Properties Off-wh. opaque liq. insol. in water disp. in surfactant systems sp.gr. 0.91... 

Uses Stabilizer for water dispersions primary emulsifier in mfg. of vinyl acetate or acrylic latex wetting agent for min. acid and alkali sol ns. coemulsifier for agric. formulations food applies. floor polishes, high temp, detergents Properties Cl. liq. sol. in water dens. 1.10 g/ml HLB 17.6 pour pt. -6 C cloud pt. 100 C (1 % aq.) pH 7.0 (1 % aq.) 70% act. 

Many epoxy dispersions are compatible with most types of latex emulsions including acrylic, urethane, styrene butadiene, vinyl chloride, and polyvinyl acetate. The epoxy dispersion can be used as a modifier for these emulsions to alter handling and application characteristics such as emulsion rheology, foaming tendencies, pH sensitivity, wetting properties, and coating coalescence. They can also be reacted into the latex resin either by reacting the epoxy with a functionalized latex or by use of an epoxy with a coreactant. In this way adhesive systems can be formulated that are cured at room or elevated temperatures. 

Table 14.6 illustrates typical improvements noted in epoxy hybrid formulations with vinyl chloride, acrylic, and styrene butadiene lattices. Tensile strengths of cured, latex-saturated paper substrates are listed in absolute numbers while those of latex-epoxy hybrids are listed as percent increases in tensile strength over that of the latex alone. The mechanisms believed responsible for these improvements are (1) cocuring of the epoxy group with carboxyl and amine functional groups present on the latex backbone and/or (2) homopolymerization of the epoxy catalyzed by the tertiary amine included in some hybrid formulations. 

Attempts to make acrylic latlces containing o-benzyl-p-chlorophenyl acrylate, 17, using the same techniques employed for the systems In Table 6, failed. It was found that no 17 was Incorporated Into the polymer of these latlces. Similar attempts to make terpolymer latlces with vinyl pentachlorophenyl ether, 25 or vinyl 3,4 5-trlbromosallcylanlllde ether, 28 (with MMA and nBA) failed. These fungicidal vinyl ethers were not.Incorporated Into the resulting latex polymers. However, vinyl o-benzyl-p-chlorophenyl ether, 17, was successfully terpolymerized In latex form (see latex 12, Table 6). Formulations for latlces 1-3 and 5-14 are given In Table 7. 

---