Amine end-group functionality

Amination. The synthesis of polymers with primary amine end-group functionality has been a challenge because the primary amine group can undergo rapid chain transfer and termination reactions with car-banionic chain ends (14). Schulz and Halasa (15) used a phenyllith-ium initiator with a bis(trimethylsilyl)-protected amine group to prepare amine-terminated polydienes. Nakahama and coworkers (16,17)... 

Amine, telechelic, synthesis, 139-145 Amine end-group functionality, primary, synthesis, 140-143... 

Blends based on polyolefins have been compatibilized by reactive extrusion where functionalized polyolefins are used to form copolymers that bridge the phases. Maleic anhydride modified polyolefins and acrylic acid modified polyolefins are the commonly used modified polymers used as the compatibilizer in polyolefin-polyamide systems. The chemical reaction involved in the formation of block copolymers by the reaction of the amine end group on nylon and anhydride groups or carboxylic groups on modified polyolefins is shown in Scheme 1. 

Although seven different functionality fractions are expected to be present in the sample, the contour plot in Fig. 17.21 reveals only two different elution areas. The fraction that elutes at about 3 mL in the first dimension (ordinate direction) can be assigned tentatively to a PA 6.6 having an acid and an amine end group by comparing the results with the plot in Fig. 17.19. Accordingly, the later eluting fractions are due to the other different linear functionality fractions, as shown in Table 17.1. 

Parker [4] end-group functionalized poly(1,3-butadiene) polymers with isopropyl hydroxyl-amines to improve the affinity and interaction with carbon black and silica fillers to extend tire lifetime. 

In order to synthesize polyfpropylene imine) dendrimers onto polystyrene via the divergent method, well-defined primary amine functionalized polystyrene had to be prepared as the core molecule. The anionic polymerization technique was chosen for the preparation of polystyrene (PS), because of the possibility of control over molecular weight and end group functionalization. An indirect amination procedure was developed [50], In this procedure a standard quantitative end-cap reaction with CO2 is used and a spacer is created between polystyrene and the primary amine function. The obtained polystyrene-COOH (PS-COOH), with Af around 3kgmol and values around 1.05, could be quantitatively reduced to the... 

Gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) analysis was not possible directly on the primary-amine-functionalized oligomers because of their tendency to be adsorbed on the GPC columns rather than to elute. A method has been developed in our laboratories (9, 10) for derivatization of the amine end groups with benzophenone to form an imine functionality. This method allows FPC (fixed-partial-charge) analysis of the oligomers. 

The choice of catalyst depends upon the temperature of the equilibration as well as the type of functional dlslloxane that Is used. For example, In preparing an amlnopropyl terminated slloxane oligomer, a basic catalyst Is used, rather than an acidic catalyst which would react with the amine end groups. The discussion here will be limited to basic catalysts. 

Natural rubber, low molecular carboxylated Natural rubber, low molecular, amine end groups Hycar Hycar BF Goodrich BF Goodrich 1 Reaction with other functional groups in J polymer... 

EP-g-MA (1.1% MA) (0-20) TEM / titration of residual amine groups / effects of extruder type, and PA mol. wt. and amine end-group concentration on morphology, mechanical properties and ductile-brittle transition temperature / effects of di- vs. mono-functional PA Oshinski et al., 1996 a, b, c, d... 

PA/PP blends have been compatibilized through graft copolymer formation between polyamide amine end-groups and pendent anhydride groups on a functionalized polyolefin (Table 5.12). 

PA/PO blends have been compatibihzed through graft copolymer formation between polyamide amine end-groups and pendent anhydride groups on a functionalized styrene copolymer. Also, in one example [Lu et al, 1995] this ternary blend is compatibihzed through copolymer formation between PA and anhydride-functionalized polyolefin (Table 5.14). 

In another approach, a small amount of maleic anhydride was copolymerized with styrene and acrylonitrile during the preparation of ABS by emulsion polymerization. The anhydride modified ABS was then melt blended with polyamide to form a compatibilized ABS/PA blend [Laven-good et al., 1986, 1987 Howe and Wolkowicz, 1987]. Obviously, a reaction between the anhydride functionality of ABS and the amine end group of polyamide leads to an in situ graft copolymer responsible for compatibilizing this blend. Monsanto s ABS/PA blends (Triax 1000... 

Post-polymerization Reaction of the Amine-Functionalized Polymers. The amine end groups can be easily transformed to ionic dipoles after the reaction with 1,3 cyclopropane sultone (23,24) illustrated in the following scheme ... 

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