Ventilation planning

What seems so problematic in retrospect is the degree to which Pyro operators worked in conditions that were so volatile and dangerous that it seems almost ludicrous to talk in terms of reasonable action. The mining company had violated all of the major regulations relating to methane control (a) The volume and velocity of air were not sufficient to exhaust methane [30 CFR 75(301)] (b) no preshift exam was conducted on the day of the explosion [30 CFR 75 (303)] (c) the approved ventilation system and the dust control plan were not being followed (30 CFR 75(316) and (d) changes in the ventilation plan substantially affected the health and safety of miners [30 CFR 75(322)]. 

On January 5,1989, MSHA inspectors from the Morganfield Field Office issued a Section 107(a) imminent danger order along with a Section 104(a) citation for a violation of the approved ventilation plan when 4.8% methane (analysis of bottle. samples revealed 4.11 %) was found in this same general area of the bleeders. 

Becau.se agencies do not always specify how standards must be implemented, safety officials must transform regulations into practices and procedures (Document E) that can be applied across many different sites and conditions. At the local level, writers must develop ventilation plans, roof control plans, and general safety instructions that take into account differences in local conditions. In the mining industry, these plans must be approved at the District level before operators can proceed with their work. 

The elements of a PM plan include periodic inspection, cleaning, and service as warranted, adjustment and calibration of control system components, maintenance equipment and replacement parts that are of good quality and properly selected for the intended function. Critical HVAC system components that require PM in order to maintain comfort and deliver adequate ventilation air include a outdoor air intake opening, damper controls, air filters, drip pans, cooling and heating coils, fan belts, humidification equipment and controls, distribution systems, exhaust fans. 

Key service buildings - basic structures and m or contents, layout elevations and floor plans, ventilation details (filters), design limits, etc. 

Maintenance Measures to keep ventilation system operating at the specified Maintenance plan... 

Since the OELs provide the basis for ventilation requirements, an astute designer tries to find out how secure the OELs of the chemicals which will be used in the plant he or she is planning. Some of the chemicals used may totally lack OELs. Therefore, it is advisable to become familiar with the relevant literature, preferably together with a specialist. It is clear that the ventilation engineer needs to be aware of the possible significance of toxicology for industrial ventilation construction. 

After the use of a chemical becomes widespread, new deleterious effects on human health may be observed. In such situations, the occupational limit values will have to be modified. Usually the OELS tend to decrease when more information on the toxicity of a chemical is obtained. Knowledge of the specific features of various chemicals is thus extremely important for planning ventilation of industrial premises. It is important to be especially aware of those chemicals that may cause long-term effects without causing any acute effects. There are also compounds such as isocyanates that are extremely irritating at concentrations as low as 0.5 ppm. However, some workers may become sensitized to isothiocyanates at a concentration of 10 ppb, and therefore this has to be taken into consideration when planning the industrial ventilation. Thus, one has to plan against compounds that can cause serious health effects at concentrations at which their presence cannot be observed by the human senses, i.e., irritation or odor. 

The air volume flow rate plays a major role in planning, commissioning, and running industrial ventilation systems, in the planning phase of a system, the supply, exhaust flows, and total flow rates are specified. When the system is built and running, the contractor and/or the client measures the airflows to determine if they agree with the specification. In such a situation, it is of interest to... 

In ventilation design, these calculations are used routinely for equipment comparison. Plans are, however, to include life cycle cost calculations in the terms-of-tender contract. 

Ventilation strategy The method of planning to ensure that the best method of ventilation is provided to a space. 

This is a specific sum included in the bid documents. It indicates to the bidder that it is contemplated that the particular work referred to will be carried out, but that, at present, no firm plans have been made as to cost, and usually the work has not been detailed either. The contractor is not entitled to profit or on-cost, unless the works go ahead. An example of this would be a general intention by the client to provide special ventilation to a laboratory, which is part of a larger scheme, but that no firm plans as to the full requirements have been drawn up at the time of inviting bidder. 

A carefully planned network of shafts, drifts, and raises are the requisites of a producing underground mine. The word development stands for the preparation of this network. In normal development one can recognize four different kinds of rock excavation and they are shafts, drifts, raises and inclines. The main aim of provision of a shaft is to provide access to or a connection with underground. This access may be utilized for a variety of purposes hoisting rock and ore, personnel and material transport, ventilation, etc. Most modem shafts... 

Develop a monitoring plan based on patient-specific information fora patient with community-acquired pneumonia and health care-or ventilator-associated pneumonia. 

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