Vehicles air conditioning

The developed mathematical model has been applied for calculation of processes in MHHP intended for vehicle air conditioning [4, 7]. Study of influence of the basic heat pump parameters (pressure of hydrogen charging, temperatures and coolant consumption, cycle time) on its power characteristics has been carried out. It was shown that the estimated data well agreed with experimental results. It was found that the developed model could be used for qualitative investigation of various parameters influence and approximate quantitative assessments. 

Behr is an example of an automobile supplier with high network capability. The company s focus is vehicle air conditioning and motor cooling. Its customers include all the large European car manufacturers. In order to offer its customers a comprehensive service range, Behr is involved in nu-... 

Cleaning solutions Tobacco smoke Air-conditioning systems Water treatment Humidifiers Disinfectants Exhaled breath Vehicle exhausts Smoking chimneys Portable heaters Tobacco smoke Gas cookers Gas and oil heaters... 

To counter the elevated emissions associated with enrichment, the EPA has adopted supplemental federal test procedures. The new laboratory test procedures contain higher speeds, higher acceleration and deceleration rates, rapid speed changes, and a test that requires the air conditioning to be in operation. These tests increase the probability that vehicles will go into enrichment under laboratory test conditions. Hence, manufacturers have an incentive to reduce the frequency of enrichment occurrence in the real world. Future catalytic converters and emissions control systems will be resistant to the high-temperature conditions associated with engine load, and will be less likely to require enrichment for protection. Thus, enrichment contributions to emissions will continue to decline. 

Besides the PEMFC being developed for vehicle propulsion, SOFC are being considered for APU applications in vehicles, since they operate at very high temperatures and therefore require long start-up times (an hour or more). In APU applications, the fuel cell can be left running most of the time, or could be started far in advance of an anticipated stop. The principal attraction of SOFCs is their high tolerance to hydrocarbon fuels. The heat of the SOFC can be used in the air-conditioning unit, either as heat or as cold. 

Figure 14.19 Typical automotive applications made from glass-filled recycled PET compounds (a) heating and air conditioning door duct vents for Ford s Taurus, Mercury Sable and Lincoln Continental models (b) engine covers for Ford vehicles (c) fixed window surround for the Ford Excursion model (d) headlamp retainer for GM s Montana, Yukon and Sierra trucks...

Important operational factors include vehicle weight, road gradient, vehicle load and the use of auxiliary equipment such as air conditioning, the thermal state of the engine and exhaust emission-control system, and the way in which a vehicle is driven (e.g. speed, or the so-called dynamics of driving). 

Due to the batch oriented fabrication by standard MEMS processes the PIMMS has a high potential for a cost-effective fabrication in large volumes. Because of its small size it allows to access application areas, where conventional mass spectrometers can or will not be applied, e.g., mobile applications or in line real-time monitoring in the chemical industry, environmental surveillance, patient or air condition monitoring in buildings or vehicles. 

There are various types of finned tubes depending on the application. They are applied, for example, in large air conditioning systems, for radiators of vehicles or where cooling water is in short supply. 

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