Environmental surveillance

Hebert C, Nordstrom R, Weseloh DV. 1999. A quarter century of environmental surveillance the Canadian Wildhfe Service s Great Lakes Herring Gull Monitoring Program. Environ Rev 7 147-166. 

Continuous or repeated observation, measurement, and evaluation of a process in a certain field of appbcation (e.g., environmental surveillance, health checking, foodstuff inspection, quahty assurance in manufacturing), according to given schedules in space and time. 

Table 5—Radioactive decay scheme data for radionuclides of cerium observed in previous environmental surveillance studies ...

The Role of Biological Monitoring in Medical and Environmental Surveillance... 

Varty, I.N. "Environmental Surveillance in New Brunswick" 1978-1979. Univ. New Brunswick Press p. 76. 

Due to the batch oriented fabrication by standard MEMS processes the PIMMS has a high potential for a cost-effective fabrication in large volumes. Because of its small size it allows to access application areas, where conventional mass spectrometers can or will not be applied, e.g., mobile applications or in line real-time monitoring in the chemical industry, environmental surveillance, patient or air condition monitoring in buildings or vehicles. 

Potentiometric microelectrodes are very suitable for in vivo real-time clinical monitoring of blood electrolytes, intracellular studies, in situ environmental surveillance, or industrial process control. For example, Simon s group... 

Nearly simultaneously with the U. S. success in reducing urban S02 levels, the Community Health and Environmental Surveillance System (CHESS) reported that adverse health effects result not from S02 itself, but from the secondaiy sulfates and... 

Report prepared for the Committee on Science and Technology, U. S. House of Representatives, "The Environmental Protection Agency s Research Program with Primaiy Emphasis on the Community Health and Environmental Surveillance System." U. S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1976. 

The Swedish National Defence Research Institute (FOA), which from 1978 until 1983 was connected to the SSI, runs a system of high-volume aerosol samplers that normally detects very small amounts of radionuclides by high-resolution gamma spectrometry. The FOA also has access to army airplanes and helicopters to take air samples at different heights, to record measurements from the air, and to transport equipment and personnel to remote areas quickly to perform in situ measurements with portable germanium detectors. At the SSI, routine measurements of milk were run before the Chernobyl accident. Routine programs concerning environmental surveillance of nuclear power plants currently exist. 

F. Medical and Environmental Surveillance. To ensure the health of service members, the US routinely collects data about the environment where troops are located or operate. For example, the 520th TAML collected air, water, and soil samples in Bosnia for analysis by USACHPPM. This data help to identify possible health threats to US forces. Both TAML and preventive medicine units, along with Naval and Air Forces units, usually have this mission. All data collected on the environment and the health of the troops during a deployment should be forwarded to USACHPPM for archival. 

XRF is not a new method since the first measurements of stable iodine in the thyroid by Hoffer et al. (1968), the use of XRF has spread to include several other elements in medical apphcations, as well as applications in occupational and environmental surveillance. Today, XRF is primarily used as a nondestructive method for investigation of metals, minerals, environmental samples, food constituents, and body fluids. Examples of in vivo XRF elemental analysis are measurements of lead in bone (Ahlgren and Mattsson, 1979 Somervaille et al., 1985 Todd and Chettle, 1994) and studies on cadmium, mercury, gold, and platinum (Ahlgren and Mattsson, 1981 Borjesson et al, 1993, 1995), but the method is not, to our knowledge, used clinically as a tool in the routine assessment of thyroid function. Some in vivo applications of the method are listed in Table 3.1. 

Los Alamos National Laboratory (1996). Environmental surveillance at Los Alamos during 1995. Los Alamos National Laboratory report LA-13210-ENV. 

Johnson, J. E. Johnson J. A. "Radioactivity Analyses and Detection Limit Problems of Environmental Surveillance at a Gas-Cooled Reactor" - Chapt. 14 in this volume. 

Environmental Surveillance System (CHESS) An Investigative Report", Committee on Science Technology, 94th Congress, Serial SS. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,... 

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