Power characteristic

Phenyhsonitrile has a powerful characteristic odor it is used as a qualitative test (the carbylamine test) for chloroform or primary aromatic amines. Chloroform reacts with phenols in alkaline solution to give hydroxyaromatic aldehydes in the Reimer-Tiemann reaction eg, phenol gives chiefly Nhydroxyben2aldehyde and some sahcylaldehyde (11) (see Hydroxybenzaldehydes). 

Curve g is for disk flat-blade turbines operated in unbaffled vessels filled witb liquid, covered, so tbat no vortex forms. If baffles are present, tbe power characteristics at high Reynolds numbers are essentially tbe same as curve h for baffled open vessels, witb only a slight increase in power. 

The above covers most conventional mixers there is another class of mixers, called pump-mix impellers, where the impeller serves not only to mix the fluids, but also to move the fluids through the extraction stages. These are speciahzed designs, often used in the metals extraction industries. For these types of impellers, a knowledge of the power characteristics for pumping is required in addition to that for mixing. For a more detailed treatment of these special cases, the reader is referred to Lo et al. 

A powerful characteristic of RAIR spectroscopy is that the technique can be used to determine the orientation of surface species. The reason for this is as follows. When parallel polarized infrared radiation is specularly reflected off of a substrate at a large angle of incidence, the incident and reflected waves combine to form a standing wave that has its electric field vector (E) perpendicular to the substrate surface. Since the intensity of an infrared absorption band is proportional to / ( M), where M is the transition moment , it can be seen that the intensity of a band is maximum when E and M are parallel (i.e., both perpendicular to the surface). / is a minimum when M is parallel to the surface (as stated above, E is always perpendicular to the surface in RAIR spectroscopy). 

The last decade has also seen the advent of commercial SIS polymers with 15-18% styrene content, but with higher diblock content (typically 30-55%). These are available from many of the major suppliers. The higher diblock content makes them ideal for label applications where low modulus PSAs provide easy die cuttabilty in processing, and rapid wet out and bonding to the substrate in the label application. The shear holding power characteristic would be reduced, but this would not be a critical factor for many label applications. 

Self-limiting power characteristics, nonoverloading characteristic... 

Non-overloading fan A fan with backward-curved blade.s, which has power characteristics that tend to flatten with increasing flow rates, so that as the maximum volume flow rate is approached the power consumed may become constant or even decrease. The... 

Figure 9-122. Plot illustrating combination of thermai and fan power characteristics to directiy determine flow capacities of a given size. Used by permission of Groitein, E. E., Combustion, Nov. (1957).

Advise of exciter power characteristics available, or specify manufacturer to provide required exciter (small synchronous motors may use permanent magnets) as direct-connected, belt-driven, or motor-generator set. 

Fig. 5.4 Power characteristics of CdS/sodium polysulfide solar cells. Solution composition is 0.1 M NaiS + 0.01 M S+ 0.01 M NaOH. (i) Single-crystal photoanode ...

Gerischer H, Gobrecht J (1976) On the power characteristics of electrochemical solar cells. Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 80 327-333... 

Figure 9. Current-voltage and power characteristics of the Mg-air cell from Fig. 8.

In Figure 9 we presented the current-voltage and the power characteristics of the Mg-air cell form Fig. 8. It is seen that currents up to 50A could be obtained from this cell at voltage higher than 1 V. The specific power of this cell is ca. 50 W/kg. 

The current-voltage and the power characteristics of this cell are presented in Figure 10. 

In Fig. 17 we have presented the current-voltage and the power characteristics of 12-cells battery from the cells type ZV300. It must be reminded that, when the zinc anode in the primary zinc-air cells is discharged, the cell is out of operation. By this, the air electrodes, which in principle can operate for a long time, are lost. In order to avoid this inconvenience, mechanically rechargeable zinc-air cells were developed [14]. The essential feature of the mechanically rechargeable zinc-air cell is that the air electrodes are used many times. 

The characteristics of a carbon material used as active reagent of the negative electrode (anode) of a Lithium-Ion cell considerably influence the power characteristics of the cell as a whole. Thus, the major parameters are the values of specific capacity per unit weight and volume, and also the... 

Rushton, J.H., Costich, E.W. and Everett, H.J., Power characteristics of mixing impellers, Chemical Engineering Progress, 46, pp. 395-404 (1950). 

Sparks, T. G., Brown, D. E. and Green, A. Assessing rotor/stator mixers for rapid chemical reactions using overall power characteristics (BHR conference series. Publication 18. Mechanical Engineering Publications Ltd. London, 1995). 

The energy storage and power characteristics of electrochemical energy conversion systems follow directly from the thermodynamic and kinetic formulations for chemical reactions as adapted to electrochemical reactions. First, the basic thermodynamic considerations are treated. The basic thermodynamic equations for a reversible electrochemical transformation are given as... 

Figure 4. Voltage-current-power characteristics light intensity 92.5 mW/cm ...

These power characteristics, the analytical expression for which is... 

In the above example, the process characteristics (here, power characteristics) presenting a comprehensive description of the process were evaluated. This often expensive and time-consuming method is certainly not necessary if one has to only scale-up a given process condition from the model to the industrial plant (or vice versa). With the last example and the assumption that the Ne (0 characteristics like those in Figure 3 are not explicitely known, the task is to predict the power consumption of a Rushton turbine of rotating with = 200/min. The air throughput be = 500m /hr and the material system is water/air. 

In Example 5.1, the working out of the power characteristics of a stirrer in a Newtonian fluid is presented in detail. It is shown how a relevance list containing five parameters stirrer power P, stirrer diameter d, density p, and viscosity p of the liquid and the stirrer speed n... 

Figure 11 Power characteristics of a Rushton turbine stirrer under given geometric conditions, measured in two differently scaled vessels (scale 1 2) and fitting the flow behavior of the viscoelastic fluid [polyacrylamide (PAA) solution] by changing its viscosity. Source From Ref 13.

Figure 11 depicts the power characteristics of a Rushton turbine stirrer in geometrically similar cylindrical vessels (///D = l D/J=2) without baffles. To keep the Hedstrom number constant at different scales, viscosity of the PAA solutions had to be fitted as discussed above. 

Figure 12 Power characteristics of three slowly rotating stirrers (leaf, frame, crossbeam stirrer) installed in a vessel with and without baffles. Source From Ref 14.

Understandably, the baffles do not influence the power characteristics within the creeping flow region where viscosity forces prevent rotation of the liquid. However, their influence is extremely strong at Re > 5 X 10. Here, the installation of baffles under otherwise unchanged operating conditions increases the power consumption of the stirrer by a factor of 20. 

The power characteristics of these three stirrers do not differ much from each other. This is understandable because their mixing patterns are very similar. 

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