Variable-number-tandem-repeat

Spire-Vayron de la Moureyre C, De-buysere H, Fazio F et al. Characterization of a variable number tandem repeat region in the thiopurine S-methyltransferase gene promoter. Pharmacogenetics 1999 9 189-198. 

FTND Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence, M mean NR not reported NA not applicable ACC anterior cingulate cortex PCC posterior cingulate cortex OFC orbitofrontal cortex SFG superior frontal gyrus DLPFC dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex DRD4L dopamine receptor 4 variable number tandem repeat Data shown for FTND and pack-years are means for the smokers Pack-years = packs of cigarettes smoked per day x number of years smoked... 

The dopamine D -like receptor polymorphisms include SNPs, variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs), and splice variants (58,59). The polymorphic forms of the dopamine D receptor, for example, manifest as variable numbers of 48-bp repeat sequences (denoted D j to D., ) (49). 

Ohara K, Suzuki Y, Ochiai M, Tsukamoto T, Tani K (1999) A variable-number-tandem-repeat of the serotonin transporter gene and anxiety disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol... 

Variable number tandem repeat sequences tend to occur in clusters, with the number of repeats varying between individuals. 

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) For each person, a pair of homologous chromosomes is shown. 

Bieberich, A.A. and Minchella, D.J. (2001) Mitochondrial inheritance in Schistosoma mansoni mitochondrial variable number tandem repeat mutation produces noise on top of the signal, journal of Parasitology 87, 1011-1015. 

Yang F, Hanson NQ, Schwichtenberg K, Tsai MY. Variable number tandem repeat in exon/intron border of the cystathionine beta-synthase gene a single nucleotide substitution in the second repeat prevents multiple alternate splicing. Am J Med Genet 2000 95 385-390. 

The DAT gene is located on chromosome 5 and contains a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the 3 -untranslated region. This VNTR is composed of 40 bp repeats that commonly contain nine or ten copies. Multiple... 

Schichman SA, Suess P, Vertino AM, Gray PS. Comparison of short tandem repeat and variable number tandem repeat genetic markers for quantitative determination of allogeneic bone rnarrow transplant engraftment. Bone Marrow Transplant 2002 29 243-8. 

The DRD4 gene has a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) located in exon 3, with the common alleles of two, four, and seven repeats [65]. The seven repeat appears to be the critical allele relevant to pharmacotherapy and alcohol consumption. Functionally, the DRD4 seven tandem repeat allele codes for a dopamine receptor D4 that blunts intracellular forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP (cAMP) response to dopamine relative to the receptor encoded by the two and four tandem repeat alleles [66]. 

Variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs) sequences of bases that are repeated in tandem almost without change up to 40 copies ... 

Tenover FC (2007) Rapid detection and identification of bacterial pathogens using novel molecular technologies infection control and beyond. CUn Infect Dis 44 418 23 Tenover FC, Vaughn RR, McDougal LK, Fosheim GE, McGowan JE Jr (2007) Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat assay analysis of methidllin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. J CUn Microbiol 45 2215-2219... 

Keim, P., Price, L.B., Klevytska, A.M., Smith, K.L., Schupp, J.M., Okinaka, R., Jackson, P.J., Hugh-Jones, M.E. 2000. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis reveals genetic relationships within Bacillus anthracis. J. Bacteriol. 182 2928-2936. 

Multiple-Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA)... 

A recently acquired DNA sequencer gave us the opportunity to use another modem technique for bacterial identification, multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). MLVA is a higher-resolution technique and permits better differentiation of F. tularensis strains that had an identical PFGE pattern. 

Variable-Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) are genomic regions with potentially extreme variation and has a great strain discrimination capacity [7], MLVA has been used for individual strain discrimination within several bacterial species with little genomic variation. 

Farlow, J., Smith, K. L., Wong, J., Abrams, M., Lytle, M. Keim, P. 2001. Francisella tularensis strain typing using multiple-locus, variable-number tandem repeat analysis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39 3186-3192. 

Johansson, A., Farlow, J., Larsson, P., Dukerich, M., Chambers, E., Bystrom, M., Fox, J., Chu, M., Forsman, M., Sjostedt, A. Keim, P. 2004. Worldwide genetic relationships among Francisella tularensis isolates determined by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis. J. Bacteriol. 186 5808-5818. 

There are several major types of DNA sequence variation in the human genome. One type comprises repeated sequences with variations in the number of repeat units, such as short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs, also known as microsatellites) in the form of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-nu-cleotide repeats, or more complex sequence repeats such as variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) [2-4]. Repeat polymorphisms are relatively... 

Another type of polymorphism is called a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR). Here the restriction sites flank a region of the genome whose length varies between individuals due to different numbers of copies of a specific sequence (a tandem repeat ). The restriction fragment pattern obtained using probes which identify different sequences is almost completely unique to an individual and can he used as a genetic fingerprint . 

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