Mitochondrial inheritance

Mitochondrial inheritance Mitochondria, which are the energy-producing centers inside cells, each contain a small amount of DNA. Disorders with mitochondrial inheritance result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA. Although mitochondrial... 

Answer C. This is a pattern expected of mitochondrial inheritance because only females transmit mitochondrial DNA to their offspring. Thus, an affected female can transmit the mutation to her offtpring of both sexes, but an affected male cannot transmit it. 

Under mitochondrial inheritance (choice B), only an affected mother can transmit the disease phenotype the offspring of affected males are always unaffected. 

C. parvum is a protist related to the apicomplexans P. falciparum and Toxoplasma. P. falciparum and T gondii possess the apicoplast organelle, a remnant plastid acquired by secondary symbiosis. It has been shown that the I gondii apicoplast is segregated into daughter cells by microtubules of mitotic spindle poles (Striepen et al. 2000). As the apicoplast is in contact with the mitochondrion, it has been hypothesized that mitochondrial inheritance... 

Bieberich, A.A. and Minchella, D.J. (2001) Mitochondrial inheritance in Schistosoma mansoni mitochondrial variable number tandem repeat mutation produces noise on top of the signal, journal of Parasitology 87, 1011-1015. 

Sutovsky, P., Moreno, R. D., Ramalho-Santos, J., Dominko, T., Simerly, C., and Schatten, G., Ubiquitinated sperm mitochondria, selective proteolysis, and the regulation of mitochondrial inheritance in mammalian embryos. Biol. Reprod. 63, 582—590 (2000). 

Yaffe MP (1999) The machinery of mitochondrial inheritance and behavior. Science 283 1493-1497... 

Mitochondrial inheritance of tumor predisposition evidenced by the affected maternal relatives... 

Unstable trinucleotide repeats Multifactorial inheritance Mitochondrial inheritance... 

The answer is a. (Murray, pp 812-828. Scriver, pp 3-45. Sack, pp 167—180. Wilson, pp 287-324.) When present as an isolated anomaly, spina bifida (meningomyelocele) exhibits multifactorial inheritance. Chromosomal inheritance usually causes a syndrome rather than isolated anomalies. Atypical inheritance (genomic imprinting, trinucleotide repeat instability, mitochondrial inheritance) has not been implicated in neural tube defects. 

Berger KH, Sogo LF, Yafife MR Mdml2p, a component required for mitochondrial inheritance that is conserved between budding and fission yeast. J Cell Biol 1997 136 545-553. 

The cytology of reproduction in western larch has been documented by Owens and Molder (1979a, b). The inheritance of plastids appears to be paternal, whereas mitochondrial inheritance is largely but not exclusively maternal, which is typical of other members of the Pinaceae (Neale and Sederoff, 1989 Owens, 1995) and other Larix species (DeVerno et al, 1993). 

In Douglas-fir, as in other species of the Pinaceae, inheritance of chloroplasts is predominantly paternal (Neale et al. 1986). In contrast, mitochondrial inheritance is maternal (Marshall and Neale 1992 Aagaard et al 1998a). 

---