Bordetella pertussis vaccine

Killing. The proeess by which the live bacteria in the culture are killed and thus rendered harmless. Heat and disinfectants are employed. Heat and/or formalin are required to kill the cells of Bordetella pertussis used to make whooping-cough vaccines, and phenol is used to kill the Vibrio cholerae in cholera vaccine and the Salmonella typhi in typhoid vaeeine. 

It seems likely that many such (recombinant) subunit vaccines will gain future regulatory approval. One such example is that of Bordetella pertussis subunit vaccine. B. pertussis is a Gramnegative coccobacillus. It is transmitted by droplet infection and is the causative agent of the upper respiratory tract infection commonly termed whooping cough . 

Examples of killed or inactivated vaccines are cholera vaccine containing dead strains of Vibrio cholerae, hepatitis A vaccine with inactivated hepatitis A virus, pertussis vaccine with killed strains of Bordetella pertussis, typhoid vaccine with killed Salmonella typhi, and influenza vaccine with various strains of inactivated influenza viruses (see Exhibit 4.2 for a discussion of influenza viruses and vaccines and Exhibit 4.3 on avian influenza H5N1). 

Pauwels, R., van der Straeten, M., Platteau, B., and Bazin, H. (1983) The non-specific enhancement of allergy. In vivo effects of Bordetella pertussis vaccine on IgE synthesis. Allergy. 38, 239-246. 

Pertussis vaccines Killed strain(s) of Bordetella pertussis Active immunization against whooping cough... 

Each lyophilisate for one immunising dose of diphtheria, tetanus toxoids and pertussis with Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine contains Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide conjugated to tetanus protein 10 meg, purified diphtheria toxoid 1 immunising dose, purified tetanus toxoid 1 immunising dose, Bordetella pertussis minimum of 4.1 lU. 

Jabbal-Gill, I., Fisher, A. N., Rappuoli, R., Davis, S. S., and Ilium, L. (1998), Stimulation of mucosal and systemic antibody responses against Bordetella pertussis filamentous haemagglutinin and recombinant pertussis toxin after nasal administration with chitosan in mice, Vaccine, 16,2039-2046. 

Matheson AJ, Goa KL. Diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed (Triacelluvax DTaP3-CB) a review of its use in the prevention of Bordetella pertussis infection. Paediatr Drugs 2000 2(2) 139-59. 

Whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines have been reviewed, with emphasis on the protectivity of the various virulence factors and antigens (1). The authors summarized their review as follows although Bordetella pertussis has at least five proteins required for virulence and an additional two toxic components, only serum neutralizing antibodies to pertussis toxin have been shown to confer immunity to pertussis. 

These effects are responsible for most of the systemic features of whooping cough, the disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, the micro-organism that produces PT (Pittman, 1984). Accordingly, the existence of PT was first predicted by the expression of its numerous biological activities detected after infection with 6. pertussis or administration of whole cell pertussis vaccines. These activities include histamine sensitization, islet activation, induction of leukocytosis, immuno-potentiation and many others (Munoz, 1985). 

Amiel SA. The effects of bordetella pertussis vaccine on cerebral vascular permeability. Br J Exp Pathol 1976 57(6) 653-662. 

Ort B, Douce G, Baillie S et al. Adjuvant eftftets of adenylate cyclase toxin of bordetella pertussis after intranasal immunisation of mice. Vaccine 2007 25(1) 64-71. 

A licensed vaccine is available. Not normally recommended for ordinary use except for workers having frequent contact with clinical specimens or diagnostic specimens Bordetella pertussis Level 2... 

Jagicza A., Balia R, Lendvai N. et al. 1986. Additional information for the continuous cultivation of Bordetella pertussis for the vaccine production in bioreactor. Ann. Immunol. Hung. 26 89. 

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