Vaccination/vaccines active

Immunization against pneumococcal pneumonia and bacteremia caused by the types of pneumococci included in the vaccine Active immunization against Streptococcus pneumoniae for infants and toddlers... 

Antighrelin vaccine Active in mouse model but not in human trials... 

Dukoral (Vibrio cholerae and recombinant cholera toxin B subunit) SB L Vaccine active immunization against disease caused by V. cholerae subgroup 01 2004 (EU)... 

VACCINES Active immunization, or vaccination, involves administration of an antigen as a whole, killed organism, attenuated (live) organism, or a specific protein or peptide constituent of an organism. Booster doses often are required, especially when killed (inactivated) organisms are used as the immunogen. In the U.S., vaccination has sharply curtailed or practically eliminated a variety of major infections, including polio, smallpox, diphtheria, measles, mumps, pertussis, rubella, tetanus, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and pneumococcus. 

Prevention of gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus serotypes contained in the vaccines Active immunity against yellow fever virus, primarily among travelers to yellow fever endemic areas... 

All healthcare personnel with potential exposure to blood, blood-contaminated body fluids, other body fluids, or sharps should receive a vaccination. Administer the hepatitis B vaccine using the intramuscular route in the deltoid muscle. The OSHA Bloodbome Pathogens standard requires employers to offer the hepatitis B vaccine free of charge to all potentially exposed employees within 10 days of hire. Administer post-exposure prophylaxis with hepatitis B immunoglobulin (passive immunization) and/or vaccine (active immunization) when indicated after per-cutaneous or mucous membrane exposure to blood known or suspected to contain hepatitis B. Needle-stick or other percutaneous exposures of unvaccinated persons should lead to initiation of the hepatitis B vaccine series. HBV vaccination requirements are as follows ... 

The active immunotherapeutic approach is specific and based on the premise that tumor antigens are immunogenic and the host is sufficientiy immunocompetent to mount an effective immune response to an autologous tumor. Theoretically, a weak or suppressed host immune system that had allowed the formation of a tumor may be overridden by active immunization or immunostimulation. In practice, vaccines composed of so-called autologous tumor extracts have been used to treat patients with malignant melanoma (73), and purified melanoma tumor-associated antigens have been used to ehcit antibody responses in melanoma patients (74). 

The number of microencapsulated commercial oral formulations available and the volume of these formulations sold annuaUy is comparatively smaU. This may reflect the difficulty of developing new dmg formulations and bringing them successfully to market or the fact that existing microencapsulation techniques have had difficulty economically producing mictocapsules that meet the strict performance requirements of the pharmaceutical industry. One appHcation that is a particularly active area of development is mictocapsules or microspheres for oral deUvery of vaccines (45,46). 

Composition and Methods of Manufacture. The vaccine consists of a mixture of purified capsular polysaccharides from 23 pneumococcal types that are responsible for over 90% of the serious pneumococcal disease in the world (47,48). Each of the polysaccharide types is produced separately and treated to remove impurities. The latter is commonly achieved by alcohol fractionation, centrifugation, treatment with cationic detergents, proteolytic en2ymes, nucleases or activated charcoal, diafiltration, and lyophili2ation (49,50). The vaccine contains 25 micrograms of each of the types of polysaccharide and a preservative such as phenol or thimerosal. 

Vaccine development is hampered by the fact that recurrent disease is common. Thus, natural infection does not provide immunity and the best method to induce immunity artificially is not clear. The genome of these vimses is also able to cause transformation of normal cells, thus conferring on them one of the properties attributed to cancerous cells. Vaccine made from herpes vimses must, therefore, be carefully purified and screened to eliminate the possibihty of including any active genetic material. 

The prophylactic stimulation of the immune system using vaccines and bacterins is time-consuming. Of even greater value would be the abiUty to activate the system to combat a disease attack already underway, or to be able to increase the response to abnormal cells and neutralize neoplasia in any organ of the body. Several compounds, some unique entities and some already in use for other purposes, have shown potential utiUty as such nonspecific immune stimulants. 

Methisa2one [1910-68-5] C qH qN OS (l-methyl-3-thiosemicarba2one of 2-oxoindole, (7), one of the more active in the isatin-3-thiosernicarba2one [487-16-1] series, has been used in the treatment and prevention of smallpox and vaccinia infections that develop as complications of smallpox vaccination... 

Vaccine A suspension of attenuated or killed bacteria or virus, or portions thereof, injected to produce active immunity. 

Intracellular single-chain mAbs are supposed to prevent membrane localization of the receptors. Antireceptor mAbs conjugated to radionucleides, or to prodrugs, are tested as well, and DNA vaccines may induce an active immune response against RTK overexpressing tumors. 

Selective active immunization against rubella Same as for BOG vaccine Total volume of reconstituted vial SC... 

Selective active immunization against mumps Same as for BCG vaccine 0.5 ml. 9C (total volume of reconstituted vaccine)... 

Active immunization against Same as for BCG vaccine 0.5 mLSC... 

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