Using Ultrasonics

Soil Extract using ultrasonic vibrations GC/FID/FPD/MS No data No data Sawyer et al. 1992 

Pelofsky, A.H., Rubber reclamation using ultrasonic energy, US Patent 3,725,314, 1973. 

The results showed that some yards used ultrasonics to examine thousands of checkpoints for quality control purposes whilst others were content to examine the almost the minimum number that would be accepted. It is cleeu from the results that the minimum extent of NDE recommended by Classification Societies falls some way short of that applied for quality control purposes by some shipbuilders. 

D. Desruelles, O. Burat, G. Pierre, Inspection of tube using ultrasonic phased array probes, 14th World Conference on NOT, New Delhi, December 8-l3th 1996.  

Phase Velocity Measurements of Polybutadiene Composites Using Ultrasonic Pulses , Rept No BRL-1908 (1976) 

In the near future the technique will be further evaluated using ultrasonic signals from natural defects, e.g., fatigue cracks. The performance measure and the parameter optimization procedure wilt also be refined in order to obtain a computationally efficient implementation, easy to use for a trained operator. 

At times the net rates of chemical/physical processing achieved using ultrasonic irradiations are not sufficient so as to prompt towards industrial scale operation of sonochemical reactors. This is even more important due to the possibility of uneven distribution of the cavitational activity in the large scale reactors as discussed 

Defect Evaluation in Diffusion Bonding Interface of Dissimilar Metals Using Ultrasonic Testing Method. 

Evaluation of Bonding Process in Diffusion Bonding Joints of Dissimilar Metals using Ultrasonic Testing Method. 

Since attenuation and porosity are related, traditional porosity determination in composites is performed as attenuation measurements using ultrasonic tone burst through-transmission. 

Comparison of in-line consistency measurement of tomato concentrates using ultrasonics and capillary methods),/. Food Proc. Eng. 25, 571. 

This study is in real time measured that the reflective echo height of the bonding interface in the solid phase diffused bonding process of carbon steel and titanium using ultrasonic testing method. 

This study detects the defect of the void and the exfoliation in the solid phase diffusion bonding interface of ductile cast iron and stainless steel with a nickel insert metal using ultrasonic testing method, and examine the influence of mutual interference of the reflectional wave both the defect and the interface. 

A novel approach for suppression of grain noise in ultrasonic signals, based on noncoherent detector statistics and signal entropy, is presented. The performance of the technique is demonstrated using ultrasonic B-scans from samples with coarse material structure. 

Eor the preparation of suspensions and emulsions, coUoid mills and homogenizers, respectively, are used. Ultrasonic mills that utilize vibrating reeds in restricted chambers to reduce the particle size of the dispersed ingredients can also be employed (see Colloids Ultrasonics). 

The experimental system for measuring the sonoluminescence spectrum of alkali-metal atom emission from an aqueous solution is similar to that for measuring the MBSL spectrum from water. Degassing the solution is an important procedure because the presence of dissolved air affects the emission intensity. In an air-saturated solution, no observation of alkali-metal atom emission has been reported, whereas continuum emission can be observed. A typical experimental apparatus using ultrasonic standing waves is shown in Fig. 13.3 [8]. The cylindrical sample container is made of stainless steel, and its size is 46 mm in diameter and 150 mm in 

Ultrasonic absorption is used in the investigation of fast reactions in solution. If a system is at equilibrium and the equilibrium is disturbed in a very short time (of the order of 10"seconds) then it takes a finite time for the system to recover its equilibrium condition. This is called a relaxation process. When a system in solution is caused to relax using ultrasonics, the relaxation lime of the equilibrium can be related to the attenuation of the sound wave. Relaxation times of 10" to 10 seconds have been measured using this method and the rates of formation of many mono-, di-and tripositive metal complexes with a range of anions have been determined. 

On a laboratory scale, generally an ultrasonic probe (horn) and an ultrasonic cleaner are used. The ultrasonic field in an ultrasonic cleaner is not homogeneous. Sonication extraction uses ultrasonic frequencies to disrupt or detach the target analyte from the matrix. Horn type sonic probes operate at pulsed powers of 400-600 W in the sample solvent container. Ultrasonic extraction works by agitating the solution and producing cavitation in the 

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