Use in remediation

Cau, X. and Harris, W. (2010). Properties of dairy manure-derived biochar pertinent to its potential use in remediation. Bioresour. Technol. 101, 5222-5228. 

The technology was used in remedial operations at the following sites (see Case Study overview) ... 

Apollo Greenzyme is a commercially available concentrated solution of enzymes for use in remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated solids and sediments and separation of hydrocarbons... 

Iron and its compounds are environmentally acceptable redox agents that are finding increased use in remediating toxic waste in groundwaters 1... 

An example of a concentration limit is a cleanup level, which is a type of an action level used in remediation projects. Pollutant concentrations in an environmental medium that are greater than the cleanup levels warrant a remedial action. Cleanup levels are often developed based on site conditions, such as future land use exposure pathways the presence of groundwater and the likelihood of its beneficial use the presence of specific ecological receptors background concentrations. 

The scope of this review is centered around permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) of ZVMs. Among the ZVMs used in remediation applications, iron metal (ZVI or Fe°) is by far the most important. PRBs of ZVI (sometimes designated FePRBs) are the technology known colloquially as iron walls. However, as illustrated in Fig. 1, not all PRBs are made from ZVMs and not all remediation applications of ZVMs are PRBs. 

The groups of drugs used in remedies for colds and flu usually contain ... 

The importance of redox effects on coupled iron-phosphorus cycling in freshwater systems has been the subject of study in applied environmental science, where phosphate removal from eutrophic natural waters and wastewaters, by sorption onto Fe-oxyhydroxide phases, has been explored as a remediation measure. Phosphate also has a pronounced tendency to sorb onto Al-oxyhydroxides, and these phases have been used in remediation of phosphate overenriched aquatic systems, as well (e.g., Leckie and Stumm, 1970). 

Photochemical treatments hold promise for on-site decontamination of hazardous substances on various surfaces including building walls and floors, machinery and electrical equipment (e.g., transformer cases). Further applications include cleaning equipment used in remedial activities at contaminated sites and in... 

The oxide layer that forms on the iron used in remediation applications, however, may differ from models developed to describe passive films because the iron used is an impure, recycled material that is manufactured primarily for use as a conditioner in building materials. Spectroscopic analyses of these materials show that they consist of a complex mixture of crystalline phases (25-27). Recently, Raman spectra obtained on iron particles from Master Builder Inc. (Cleveland, OH) and Peerless Metal Powder Abrasives (Detroit, MI) revealed maghemite, magnetite, and hematite (a-Fe203) on samples analyzed as received (27). 

Prior to the flood, hospital and university researchers had designed a study protocol to investigate the effect of surface modification wifli silane antimicrdnals on infection rates within the Bone Marrow Transplant, Hematology and Oncology areas in the hospital. The flood and subsequent microbial contamination preempted the study. But, investigation of various antimicrobial systems to achieve sustained microbial control during the study provided an important tool for use in remediation and beyond. 

In the body, hormones called biogenic amines carry messages between the central nervous system and nerve cells. Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) are released by the adrenal medulla in fight-or-flight situations to raise the blood glucose level and move the blood to the muscles. Used in remedies for colds, hay fever, and asthma, Benzedrine, Neo-Synephrine (phenylephrine), and norepinephrine contract the capillaries in the mucous membranes of the respiratory passages. Sometimes Benzedrine is taken internally... 

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