US,NATIONAL INSTITUTE

Regulatory and advisory bodies publish methods for ambient air analysis sueh as those issued by the British Standards Institute and the US Environment Proteetion Ageney (Tables 10.24 and 10.25, respeetively). Methods for assessment of workplace air are published by the Health and Safety Exeeutive. Some of these are generie methods (Table 10.26) whilst others are eompound speeifie (Table 10.27). Examples of other offieial methods for monitoring workplaee air quality are those published by the British Standards Institute (Table 10.28), and the US National Institute of Oeeupational Safety and Health (Table 10.29). Table 10.30 provides additional guidanee on analytieal teehniques for a seleetion of substanees. 

US NIST (1991) Certificate of Analysis. SRM 1648 Urban Particulate Matter. US National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, August 30,1991. 

Tl, Xe and °Y). The US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) operates an external quality control program on a varying schedule from one year to the next (Golas 1998). Details of the current program are available from the NIST website. 

Depression, we are told over and over again, is a brain disease, a chemical imbalance that can be adjusted by antidepressant medication. In an informational brochure issued to inform the public about depression, the US National Institute for Mental Health tells people that depressive illnesses are disorders of the brain and adds that important neurotransmitters - chemicals that brain cells use to communicate - appear to be out of balance . This view is so widespread that it was even proffered by the editors of PLoS [Public Library of Science] Medicine in their summary that accompanied our article. Depression, they wrote, is a serious medical illness caused by imbalances in the brain chemicals that regulate mood , and they went on to say that antidepressants are supposed to work by correcting these imbalances. 

The US National Institute for Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse information pages... 

US National Institute on Drug Abuse information www.nida.nih.gov/ResearchReports/Heroin/heroin.html... 

Information from the US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke www.ninds.nih.gov/health and medical/disorders/parkinsons disease.htm... 

The author wishes to thank Suzanne W. Slayden for her numerous scientific and editorial comments on this study, and to the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory of the US National Institute of Standards and Technology for partial support of his research. 

US National Institute of Mental Health, anxiety (in particular generalized anxiety disorder or GAD) and depression are the most prevalent mental illnesses. In the United States alone, an estimated 4 million adults suffer from GAD and nearly 19 million adults are affected by depressive disorders. As GAD and depression are often present together, most patients suffering from these disorders are treated with the same drugs [1]. 

NIOSH. 1978. NIOSH Current intelligence bulletin reprints Bulletins 1 through 18. US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,. Cincinnati, OH Surveillance Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, NIOSH. PB83-105080... 

US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Online. Available HTTP (accessed 1 April 2003). NIOSH is responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work related disease and injury. 

US National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Online. Available HTTP (accessed 2 April 2003). The NIAAA supports and conducts biomedical and behavioral research on the causes, consequences, treatment, and prevention of alcoholism and alcohol-related problems. ... 

Patenting DNA sequences came under heavy legal and public scrutiny in 1992, when the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) filed a patent application on partial human cDNA sequences of unknown function. This patent was rejected, and the consensus has emerged that patent protection should only be considered for nucleotide sequences that can be used for specific purposes, e.g. for a sequence which can serve as a diagnostic marker or codes for a protein product of medical value. This appears to be a reasonable approach, as it balances issues of public interest with encouraging innovation in the area. 

Dryman A, Eaton WW Affective symptoms associated with the onset of major depression in the community findings from the US National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program. Acta Psychiatr Scand 84 1-5, 1991... 

CHASE, M. W. 1998. NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, 4th edn. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1-1951. Cited in US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Webbook, http //webbook.nist.gov. 

Phillipson, R.V. (1978) The British narcotics system , Report series, 13 (2), US National Institute on Drug Abuse Rockville, Md. 

In 1987, the US National Institutes of Health reviewed existing worldwide data on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance (51). They concluded that resistance to antibiotics was not solely a function of usage, but might result from the inevitable process of bacterial evolution. Other phenomena, including increased human resistance to antibiotics never used in animals and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in developing countries where use of animal antibiotics is uncommon, led the experts to support that human antibiotic resistance should primarily be due to a variety of factors other than animal antibiotics. 

Initiatives by medical researchers, by DES Action, and by the Public Citizen s Health Research Group secured funding in the USA for medical research on the prevalence of cancer and other effects in the young women who had been exposed in utero, and eventually also the men. The US National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) has been one of the centers for toxicological studies of the effects of diethylstilbestrol. A substantial amount of research on the effects of diethylstilbestrol— animal experiments as well as epidemiological studies— has produced a valuable body of knowledge about how hormones affect the development of the fetus and prime the individual for disease later in life. 

Research funding has been derived in part from past and current grants from the Manitoba Medical Service Foundation, Canadian Institutes of Health Research - Institute of Musculoskeletal Health and Arthritis, and the US National Institutes of Health - National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research ( R01DE017889). We thank our clinical collaborators, Dr. Cecilia Dong (Faculty of Dentistry, U. Manitoba) and Dr. Blaine Cleghorn (Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie U.) for insightful discussions and clinical assessments. We also thank the staff and students of the Dental Clinics at U. Manitoba and at Dalhousie U. for assistance with tooth collection. 

The results of the second interlaboratory study of PCN analytical methods using environmental matrices, undertaken by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), should provide an indication of the comparability of published environmental PCN data and show where additional method enhancements are needed. Further method development efforts in the analysis of PCNs, and other complex mixtures are likely to focus on improving efficiencies by optimizing run times and separation. Examples may include time-of-flight mass spectrometry and multidimensional GC. New methods, such as isotope ratio mass spectrometry, may contribute to further source apportionment of complex mixtures [88]. 

Analytical balances must be regularly checked against reference weights provided by the US National Institute of Technology and Standards (the old National Bureau of Standards). Other countries have similar calibration services. Some balances have an internal calibration standard, which periodically resets crucial software parameters that control the front-panel display. 

In an article in October 199 233 in response to an invitation from the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), A1 Gore posed the question How can we... 

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