US Environmental Protection Agency USEPA

USEPA (2007) Fact sheet management of electronic waste in the United States. US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). http //www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/materials/ecycling/ docs/fact7-08.pdf. Accessed 12 July 2011... 

Pomeroy, R.D., J.D. Parkhurst, J. Livingston, and H.H. Bailey (1985), Sulfide occurrence and control in sewage collection systems, Technical Report, US Environmental Protection Agency, USEPA 600/X-85-052, Cincinnati, OH. 

Uncertainty analysis is increasingly used in ecological risk assessment and was the subject of an earlier Pellston workshop (Warren-Hicks and Moore 1998). The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has developed general principles for the use of Monte Carlo methods (USEPA 1997), which provide one of several approaches to incorporating variability and uncertainty in risk assessment. 

Norton (1998) offers one approach from an ecological risk assessor s perspective. Various experts in statistics and risk assessment at the workshop preferred specific terms over others. The majority of the workshop participants were comfortable with distinguishing between uncertainty and variability in a manner that is consistent with US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidance. Other experts, particularly those associated with bounding analyses (see Chapter 6 of this book), preferred the word incertitude instead of uncertainty based on theoretical considerations associated with the bounding methods discussed in the chapter. 

The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA 1998) describes problem formulation as an iterative process with 4 main components integration of available information, definition of assessment endpoints, definition of conceptual model, and development of an analysis plan. These 4 components apply also to probabilistic assessments. In addition, it is useful to emphasize the importance of a 5th component dehnition of the assessment scenarios. The relationships between all 5 components are depicted in Figure 2.1. Note that the bidirectional arrows represent the interdependency of the different components and imply that they may need to be revised iteratively as the formulation of the problem is rehned. 

Smith EP, Shugart HH. 1994. Uncertainty in ecological risk assessment. In Ecological risk assessment issue papers. Washington (DC) Risk Assessment Forum, US Environmental Protection Agency. USEPA 630/R/94/009. 

As more information on the extent of the contamination and the dangerous effects of perchlorate consumption has become available, much concern has arisen over perchlorate contamination in public water systems. Furthermore, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has periodically reduced the acceptable limit for safe consumption. Currently, the limit stands at 0.7 pg/kg/day, which corresponds to 24.5 pg/E for a 70 kg human drinking 2 E of water per day. The method described by Eamb et al. [17] provides effective perchlorate determinations (shown in Figure 7) using standard conductimetric detection by combining an... 

This chapter presents a quantitative probabilistic risk assessment for atrazine and simazine conducted for Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. The risk of an effect is the likelihood that an individual will develop the effect as a result of that individual s exposure to atrazine and/or simazine. The risk assessment is quantitative because it characterizes the likelihood in numerical terms. The risk assessment does include some qualitative discussion of the uncertainties associated with the quantitative characterization of the likelihood. It also assumes relevance of an animal effect in humans even when a lack of human relevance has been established, as is the case with atrazine and simazine [US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 2006]. 

US Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA]. 1994. USEPA/EC joint project on the evaluation of (quantitative) structure activity relationships. Washington (DC) US Environmental Protection Agency. http //intranet.epa.gov/oppthome/testsite/MPD-SAR/index.html (accessed December 28, 2007). 

US Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA]. 1995b. Final water quality guidance for Great Lakes system. Federal Register, March 23, 1995, p 15366-15425. 

US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Technologies and costs for the removal of fluoride from potable water supplies, Science and Technology Branch Criteria and Standards Division, Office of Drinking water, Washington, DC, 1985, 29-32. 

In 1996, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) set up a federal advisory committee composed of members with interests ranging from the environmental and agricultural communities to state and local governments. The committee s objective was to recommend ways to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of state, territorial, tribal, and USEPA total maximum daily load (TMDL ) programs. 

A fairly detailed case study illustrating a probabilistic approach to both aggregate and cumulative assessments is described in the first part of this chapter. This case study focuses on chronic exposure (that is, a person s long-term average dose). The case study was prepared as part of a submission to the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in 1996. 

US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (1989). Risk assessment guidance for superfund, Vol. 1. Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A). EPA/540/1-89/002. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, USEPA, Washington, DC. 

US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (1998). Health effects test guidelines OPPTS 870.6100. Acute and 28-day delayed neurotoxicity of organophosphorous substances. EPA 712-C-98-237. Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. 

US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) - Asbestos Ombudsman Office 1-800-368-5888. 

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