Urinary dysfunction

Di Fu Zi is pungent in nature and enters the Kidney and Bladder meridians. It is able to expel wind and can effectively stop itch, particularly in the genital area. It is also effective for treating painful urinary dysfunction. 

This formula can clear heat, drain excess fire, promote urination and relieve pain. It is used to treat Lin syndrome (painful urinary dysfunction) due to damp-heat in the Bladder, which injures the blood and blocks the Qi. The manifestations are turbid and dark urine, painful and difficult urination, lower abdominal pain and distension, dry mouth and thirst, a yellow and sticky tongue coating, and a slippery and wiry pulse. 

This formula cools the blood, stops bleeding, promotes urination and treats blood Lin syndrome, a type of painful urinary dysfunction that is caused by heat accumulation in the Lower-Jiao and heat injuring the blood vessels. The manifestations are urgent,... 

Some disorders may cause an abnormal excretion of GAGs in urine. Among those are various bone diseases, connective tissue diseases, hypothyroidism, urinary dysfunction, and aspartylglucosaminuria. Faint spots for keratan sulfate can also be found in spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia as well as in type II mucohpidoses, where traces of dermatan sulfate may additionally be visible. Furthermore, heparin and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Trometamol) can interfere with electrophoretic patterns [56]. To provide a good interpretation of results the clinical features of the patient and the current therapy have to be known. Furthermore, a study of the urin-... 

Holtmann M, Gerstner S, Schmidt MH. Risperidone-associated ejaculatory and urinary dysfunction in male adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2003 13 107-9. 

The ability of conotoxins to selectively block ion channels and neuronal receptors has led to their development into therapeutic agents. So far, most conotoxin applications as therapeutics have been concentrated on the treatment of different forms of pain. The first drug of marine origin is based on the w-conotoxin MVIIA for the treatment of chronic pain (see helow). Other therapeutic applications of conotoxins include treatment of schizophrenia, epilepsy, neuromuscular disorders, certain types of cancer, urinary dysfunction, Parkinson s disease, Alzheimer s disease, stroke, and related hrain injuries. Other uses include muscle relaxants, anesthetics, and antiseizure compounds. As the demand for new painkillers and other neuropharmacological agents is expected to increase, the value of the discovery and testing of new conotoxins is expected to continue to expand. 

Rubin et at, J. Clin. Psychiatry 46, 418 (1985). Clinical trial in post-stroke depression J. R. Lipsey et ai, Lancet 1 297 (1984). Anticholinergic effect and clinical efficacy in urinary dysfunction I. Nissenkom et al., Eur. UroL 12, 109 (1986). Comprehensive description J. L. Hale in Analytical Profiles of Drug Substances vol. 1, K.. Florey, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1972) pp 233-247. 

Silodosin [11], an alpha lA adrenoceptor antagonist selective for prostatic receptors, has been shown to relax smooth muscles in the prostate and bladder neck. This compoxmd has been launched recently for the treatment of urinary dysfunction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). 

Many potential agents of chemical warfare have little to no direct injurious effect on the kidney or urinary system, but instead may cause indirect renal injury and/ or urinary dysfunction. Nitrate esters used as explosives can cause profound hypotension with the potential to result in renal ischemia secondary to decreased renal perfusion (Gahagan and Wismer, 2012). Metabolic acidosis, proteinuria, glucosuria, and myoglobinuria were reported in a survey of five human cases of cydonite... 

Oral decongestants are not strongly associated with rhinitis medicamentosa but are associated with systemic adverse effects, e.g., blood pressure elevation, palpitations, tremor, appetite loss, and insomnia. Oral decongestants should be used with caution in patients with cardiac disease (arrhythmias, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease), hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, diabetes, and urinary dysfunction. Pseudoephedrine is less likely to elevate blood pressure than phenyl propanolamine (64). 

Sedation and dry mouth are the most common adverse reactions seen with the use of TCAs. Tolerance to these effects develops with continued use. Orthostatic hypotension can occur with the administration of the TCAs. Orthostatic hypotension is a drop in blood pressure of 20 to 30 points when a person changes position, such as going from a lying position to a standing position. Mental confusion, lethargy, disorientation, rash, nausea, vomiting, constipation, urinary retention, visual disturbances, photosensitivity, and nasal congestion also may be seen. Sexual dysfunction may occur with administration of clomipramine. 

Lethargy, dizziness, insomnia, anorexia, nausea, sexual dysfunction, headache, emotional lability, depression, sweating, acne, breast atrophy, peripheral edema, lower urinary trad symptoms, hot flashes, pain, edema, upper respiratory tract infedion, rash... 

A = Autonomic symptoms (drooling, constipation, sexual dysfunction, urinary problems, sweating, orthostatic hypotension, dysphagia)... 

Many medications can influence the lower urinary tract, including those not used for managing genitourinary disorders, and can precipitate new onset or aggravate existing voiding dysfunction and urinary incontinence. 

Upper lumbar spine compression may lead to bowel and bladder dysfunction (constipation and urinary retention) and abnormal extensor plantar reflexes... 

Monitor the patient for resolution of hematuria after each successive therapeutic intervention. Frequency of monitoring is based on the severity of hemorrhaging. Monitor urinary output and serum chemistries (including sodium, potassium, chloride, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine) daily for renal dysfunction. Check the CBC at least daily to monitor hemoglobin and platelet count. 

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