Proliferation, of tumors

Inhibition of hematopoietic growth factors Imatinib (Glivec ) is applied to treat chronic myeloid leukemia in Philadelphia-chromosome positive patients. In these patients, translocation of parts of chromosomes 9 and 22 results in the expression of a fusion protein with increased tyrosine kinase activity, called Bcr-Abl. Imatinib is a small Mw inhibitor selective for the tyrosine kinase activity of Bcr-Abl. Thereby, it inhibits the Bcr-Abl induced cell cycle progression and the uncontrolled proliferation of tumor cells. 

Ghlorophenyl)-3-[l-(/>-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-l//-l,2,3-triazol-4-yl][l,2,4]triazolo[3,4- ][l,3,4]thiadiazole 144 has been found to inhibit the proliferation of tumors in vitro and in vivo by possibly inducing a redifferentiation. <2005PHA378>. 

The physical factors include mechanical stresses and temperature. As discussed above, IFP is uniformly elevated in solid tumors. It is likely that solid stresses are also increased due to rapid proliferation of tumor cells (Griffon-Etienne et al., 1999 Helmlinger et al., 1997 Yuan, 1997). The increase in IFP reduces convective transport, which is critical for delivery of macromolecules. The temperature effects on the interstitial transport of therapeutic agents are mediated by the viscosity of interstitial fluid, which directly affects the diffusion coefficient of solutes and the hydraulic conductivity of tumor tissues. The temperature in tumor tissues is stable and close to the body temperature under normal conditions, but it can be manipulated through either hypo- or hyper-thermia treatments, which are routine procedures in the clinic for cancer treatment. 

Primary liver cancer, or HCC, is a rare type of cancer in Western countries, but occurs frequently in Africa and Asia. HCC is often the sequel to chronic viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, nutritional deficiencies, or specitic toxins. More common types of cancer occurring in the liver are metastatic diseases, which originate mainly from primary gastrointestinal tumors. For the growth of these and other solid tumors, sprouting of the vascular system, called angiogenesis, is essential to provide an adequate blood supply to the tumor cells. Nutrients and oxygen are needed for the proliferation of tumor cells [134-136],... 

Studies on mammary tumors have shown that the effect of dietary fat can be demonstrated with spontaneous tumors and with tumors induced by a variety of chemical or physical agents (D5). Furthermore, experiments in our laboratory have shown that dietary fat effectively increases the yield of mammary tumors induced in rats by DMBA, even when the high-fat diet is first instituted one to two weeks after treatment with a carcinogen ( 7 ). These observations suggest that dietary fat is not involved in tumor initiation but acts by providing a more favorable environment for proliferation of tumor cells. 

Vincristine, a vinca-alkaloid, prevents proliferation of tumor cells through the inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Vincristine is used as an anticancer agent for leukemia and lymphoma (Himes etal, 1976 Owellen etal., 1976). Clinical use of vincristine is often limited by its adverse effects, which include painful peripheral neuropathy (i.e., neuropathic pain) (Casey et al., 1973 Sandler et al., 1969). Elucidation of the detailed mechanism of neuropathic pain caused by vincristine is needed to improve quality-of-life for patients, and to make vincristine more tolerable for cancer treatment. 

Since sunlight seems to play an important role in preventing the development of prostate cancer (H4), it leads to the investigation of vitamin D and its metabolites as anticancer agents in prostatic cell cultures and the Dunning rat model. Treatment of prostatic cell lines PC-3 and LNCaP in vitro and in the Dunning rat model with the 1,25-D metabolite causes a decrease in proliferation of tumor cells (F7, G9,... 

Finally, the one membrane-bound transferrin, melanotransferrin, although its function has not yet been established, may aid the rapid proliferation of tumor cells, perhaps through an ability to bind and translocate iron. 

Telomeres have been found to progressively shorten in certain types of cells. These cells appear to lack Telomerase activity. When telomeric length shortens to a critical point the cell dies. Cells derived from rapidly proliferating tissues, such as tumours, have telomeres that are unusually long. This indicates that Telomerase activity may be necessary for the proliferation of tumor cells. Telomerase activity is found in ovarian cancer cells but not in normal ovarian tissue. Thus, it may be possible, once human Telomerase has been isolated and characterized, to develop anti-tumor drugs that function to inhibit telomerase activity. 

Secondary gout is a result of hyperuricemia attributable to several identifiable causes. Renal retention of uric acid may occur in acute or chronic kidney disease of any type or as a consequence of administration of drugs diuretics, in particular, are implicated in the latter instance. Organic acidemia caused by increased acetoacetic acid in diabetic ketoacidosis or by lactic acidosis may interfere with tubular secretion of urate. Increased nucleic acid turnover and a consequent increase in catabolism of purines may be encountered in rapid proliferation of tumor cells and in massive destruction of tumor cells on therapy with certain chemotherapeutic agents. 

Pathological changes of cell structures. Inhibition of cell reproduction. Proliferation of tumor cells, possibly resistance... 

Inhibits proliferation of tumors, cell lines or fibroblasis transformed by H-ras or trk oncogenes. Inhibits thymidylate synthetase and depletes dTTP it forms nucleotides that can be incorporated into RNA and DNA and induces p53-dependent apoptosis. 

Creatine analog decreases the rate of ATP production via creatine kinase and reduces the proliferation of tumor cell lines characterized by high levels of creatine kinase expression. 

Examples of phytochemicals and their biological effects include isothiocyanates and sulforaphane which are found in vegetables such as broccoli and have been shown to trigger enzyme systems that block or suppress cellular DNA damage and reduce tumor size in animal studies (4) Allylic sulfides, found in onions and garlic, can enhance immune function, increase the production of enzymes that help to excrete carcinogens, decrease the proliferation of tumor cells, and reduce serum cholesterol levels (5). Isoflavonoids in soy have also been shown to reduce serum cholesterol levels in humans (6). 

Kwon, S. Hong, H.Y. Lee, Y.W. Lee, H.W. Lee, Apicidin, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, inhibits proliferation of tumor cells via... 

Interferons Enhance activity of cytotoxic-T, natural killer cells, and macrophages. Inhibit proliferation of tumor cells and suppress graft-versus-host disease. Hairy-cell leukemia, genital warts, Kaposi s sarcoma in AIDS patients, chronic myeloc ic leukemia. Fever, headache, myalgias. 

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