Unmanned Aerial Vehicles UAVs

Fast response is possible with swelling-based sensing mechanisms. For example, the mapping of a chemical plume caused by a release into the air could employ such a sensor positioned on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). With this vehicle traveling at 40 miles/h, subsecond response times would be required to locate and map out the released analyte. An example of this is shown in Fig. 16, which describes a thin film of poly(2,2-bistrifluoromethyl-4,5-difluoro-l,3-dioxole-co-tetrafluoroethylene), Teflon AF placed on an interferometer which in turn was placed in the nose cone of an UAV, which was positioned in a wind tunnel with the wind moving at 40 mph. Small amounts of toluene vapor were introduced into the air stream to get an idea of whether the sensor would work in such an application. The sensor responded quickly, established equilibrium in seconds, and reversibly returned to baseline after the material passed. 

Drone is a type of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). That was invented in 1974. Although drones are mostiy used in military and defense services, gradually these are finding places in other applications such as search and rescue, disaster relief, aerial survey and surveillance, transportation of medicines and essentials to... 

Recent aircraft design has focused on the development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This class of aircraft has been successfully adapted to perform many of the same roles as manned aircraft but at lower cost. The absence of a pilot eliminates many of the safety and life support requirements and also changes the control objectives. For example, rapid acceleration or a bumpy trajectory can hinder a pilot s ability to cOTitrol the aircraft but do not affect the control system of a UAV. Another advantage of UAVs is that they can be used in environments that are xmdesirable for humans. This may include a combat zone or a toxic chemical plume. Moreover, many mission profiles do not require a large payload, and UAVs can be built much smaller to perform these missions because they do not have to support the extra weight of a pilot. Advancements in miniaturization have simultaneously made it possible to build smaller and smaller aircraft. 

Avionics and Navigation. Condensed from the term aviation electronics, the term avionics has come to include the generation of intelligent software systems and sensors to control unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which may operate autonomously. Avionics also deals with various subsystems such as radar and communications, as well as navigation equipment, and is closely linked to the disciplines of flight dynamics, controls, and navigation. 

Military INS and GPS Uses. Flight instrumentation and avionics are used by military aircraft as well as civilian aircraft, but the military have many other applications. INS is used in guided missiles and submarines. It can also be used as a stand-alone navigational system in vehicles that do not want to communicate with outside sources for security purposes. INS and GPS are used in bombs, rockets, and, with great success, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that are used for reconnaissance as well as delivering ordnance without placing a pilot in harm s way. GPS is used in almost all military vehicles such as tanks, ships, armored vehicles, and cars, but not in submarines as the satellite signals will not penetrate deep water. GPS is also used by the United States Nuclear Detonation Detection System as the satellites carry nuclear detonation detectors. 

Fuel cells are a mature enough technology that should be considered for larger underwater vehicles. The mass requiranents of fuel storage render the viability of fuel cells questionable for smaller systems, despite the successM use in several small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The testing of UAVs typically involved very short testing times and thus required limited fuel. 

APUs find their use in many different applications. In the 3-20 kW range, this includes heavy duty trucks, military vehicles, ground generators, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Each application is described in more detail below. 

Recent aircraft design has focused on the development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). This class of aircraft has been successfully adapted to preform many of... 

New and improved sensor and communication technologies create opportunities for designing embedded and mobile systems that are able to interact with their environment, and exhibit smart and autonomous behavior. Furthermore, collaboration between mobile entities can also be envisaged for improving their functionality as well as performance. Example applications include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and smart cars, where for instance, UAVs can be used for environmental surveillance and control, and smart vehicles coordinating their behaviors can be used to increase traffic throughput and improve mobility without the need of using more space for the respective traffic infrastructures. 

Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI), http //www.auvsi.org/ AUVSI/AUVSI/Home/ (accessed July 20, 2010). This is a society of individuals and companies involved in the development and promotion of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The Web site has news and useful links for those in the field. 

Amazon, the world s largest online retailer, announced its Prime Air plan in 2013, where Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) will be used to deliver goods to customers. However, this is only a fiction now UAVs are not currently permitted to access civilian airspace in most countries due to safety considerations. One of the safety concerns is the UAVs inability to avoid mid-air collision with other aircraft. To alleviate this concern, UAVs must provide what is referred to as a Sense and Avoid (SAA) capability. In [1], SAA is defined as the capability of a UAV to remain well clear from and avoid collisions with other airborne traffic. Sense and Avoid provides the functions of self-separation and collision avoidance to establish an analogous to see and avoid required by manned aircraft . 

A UA is an unmanned aircraft it is one component of an unmanned aircraft system (UAS). A UA can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely. It is also sometimes referred to as an unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV) or unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). 

Lithium-ion battery technology is being introduced into power supplies used by the US Armed Forces for a variety of applications, including land (such as portable systems, small vehicles, and communication) marine (submarines and imderwater vehicles) air (unmanned aerial vehicles [UAVs]), and space (satellites and space ships) uses. In many cases, the same cells and design parameters that support coimnercial battery packs are used in military battery packs. This approach is expected to result in a major decrease in the total life cycle cost of the equipment these batteries support. Besides cost, military applications have special requirements for lithium-ion batteries ... 

Hodgson, A., Kelly, N. and Peel, D. (2013). Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for... 

Established equivalence. Sometimes established regulations (especially if not objective-based) are too inflexible to deal with new technologies or alternative applications. The alternative solution is thus for the user to demonstrate to the authority that the new product/approach has equivalence to existing approved solutions. A typical example can be found in the certification of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) based on establishing an equivalent level of safety as maimed air vehicles. 

An Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) is an aircraft and its associated elements which are operated with no pilot on board. UAS is an overarching term for the entire system comprising an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) which is applied to describe a self piloted or remotely piloted aircraft that can carry cameras, sensors, communications equipment or other payloads, as well those which support... 

The lightweight, low-cost and low-power properties of miniature electrochemical sensors make the sensors very suitable for deployment on novel platforms such as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Such platforms can be advantageous if deployment of in situ sensors is impractical due to a high risk of an imminent explosive volcanic eruption, or where the region of volcanic degassing caimot practically be accessed using a handheld instrument. Some recent volcanological applicaticms are outlined below. 

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