Trichomonas vaginalis infection

Trichomoniasis is a genital infection produced by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. Infections frequently are asymptomatic in the male, whereas in the female vaginitis characterized by a frothy pale yellow discharge is common. Relapses occur if the infected person s sexual partner is not treated simultaneously. 

Akyol D, Mnngan T, Baltaci V. A comparative stndy of genotoxic effects in the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis infection metronidazole or nalidixic acid. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2000 264(l) 20-3. 

The genotoxic effects of nalidixic acid (400 mg bd for 10 days) and metronidazole (250 mg tds for 10 days) have been investigated in a prospective randomized study in 20 patients with Trichomonas vaginalis infections (28). Evaluation was by the sister-chromatid exchange test, in which an increased number of exchanges in lymphocytes reflects mutagenic action. Metronidazole had no effect but there was a significant increase with nalidixic acid. 

Since it has been epidemiologically demonstrated that there is increased risk of cancer of the cervix with Trichomonas vaginalis infection (7, 8), we have examined under conditions as near as possible to those in vivo, the possibility of a correlation between the production of DMNA and the presence of this Protozoa. 

Trichomonas vaginalis is a ubiquitous sexually transmitted anaerobic flagellate causing vaginitis in women and prostate gland infection in men. 

While nitrofurans are often prepared as antibacterial agents, nitroimidazole forms the basis for an extensive class of agents used in the treatment of infections by the protozoans. Unlike bacterial infections, protozoal infections are seldom life-threatening. The physical discomfort occasioned by such infections is, however, of sufficient importance to provide a useful therapeutic place for antiprotozoal agents. A particularly common set of such conditions are parasitic infections of the genitalia caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. These disorders are called trichomoniasis. 

Urine specimens usually are examined for the eggs of Schistosoma haemotobium or the trophozoites of Trichomonas vaginalis, although occasionally the larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis may be found in patients with hyperinfection syndrome. Urine is the usual specimen for the diagnosis of Trichomonas infection in males. See below (Vaginal Material) for culture method. Urine is centrifuged, and the sediment is examined microscopically. 

Giardiasis For the treatment of giardiasis caused by Giardia duodenalis (also termed Giardia lamblia) in adults and pediatric patients older than 3 years of age. Trichomoniasis For the treatment of trichomoniasis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis in female and male patients. Because trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease with potentially serious sequelae, partners of infected patients should be treated simultaneously in order to prevent reinfection. 

Cudmore S, Delgaty KL, Hayward-McClelland SF, Petrin DP, Garber E (2004) Treatment of infections caused by metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis. Clin Microbiol Rev 17 783-793... 

They are still used in the treatment of other parasitic infections. Thus, derivatives of benzene arsonic acid, CsHsAsOfOH, such asiV-acetyl-4-hydroxy-m-arsanilic acid, Af-carbamoylarsanilic acid and its oxide, sodium -(carbamoyl-methyl) arsanilate and glycobiarsol (18) are potent intestinal amoebicides when taken orally, and difetarsone (19) has recently found use as an anthelminthic29. They are also administered in the treatment of trypanosomiasis and helminthiasis in animals, as well as in topical application to destroy Trichomonas vaginalis and moni-linia. For the first of these purposes they have been largely replaced by melarsoprol... 

More recently, organoarsenical compounds were used in the treatment of amebiasis, worms, trichomonas vaginalis, Vincent s angina, and even other ORL infections (Table 3). 

Metronidazole and tinidazole are the only antimicrobial agents available in the United States that are consistently effective in T. vaginalis infections. Treatment recommendations for Trichomonas infections are given in Table 46-12. 

Trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent of the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease in human known as trichomoniasis, infects 250 to 350 million people worldwide. Trichomoniasis results in serious discomfort to women and is associated with adverse pregnancy... 

Trichomonas vaginalis is a common sexually transmitted parasite. Infection rates vary from 10% to 50% with the highest reported rates found in the USA. Infections are usually asymptomatic or mild although symptomatic infection is most common in women. Trichomonads are all anaerobes and contain hydrogenosomes. This organelle is found in very few other anaerobic eukaryotes and is often... 

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