Trehalase activity

Murthy, R. C. Tayal, S. (1978). Trehalase activity in Stilesia globipunctata (Cestoda). Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, 56 63-8. 

H. Inoue and C. Shimoda, Induction of trehalase activity on a nitrogen-free medium A sporulation-specific event in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Mol. Gen. Genet., 183 (1981) 32-36. 

J. M. Thevelein and K. A. Jones, Reversibility characteristics of glucose-induced trehalase activation associated with the breaking of dormancy in yeast ascospores, Eur. J. Biochem., 136 (1983) 583-587. 

Urinary trehalase activity in inhabitants of Cd-pol-luted areas was significantly higher than in the reference area [72]. 

Arola H, Koivula T, Karvonen AL, Jokela H, Ahola T, Isokoski M. Low trehalase activity is associated with abdominal symptoms caused by edible mushrooms. Scand J Gastroenterol 1999 34 898-903. 

Murray lA, Coupland K, Smith JA, AnseU ID, Long RG. Intestinal trehalase activity in a UK population establishing a normal range and the effect of disease. Br J Nutr 2000 83 241-5. 

Nakano M, Aoshima K, Katoh T, Teranishi H, Kasuya M. Urinary trehalase activity and renal brush-border damage in inhabitants of a cadmium-polluted area (Jinzu River basin). Toxicol Lett 1986 34 159-166. 

The pH optimum of trehalase varies according to its source. This was known for different yeasts at the time of Myrback s review. Frerejacque obtained material with trehalase activity from swine intestinal mucosa, beef liver, snail digestive Juice, and sheep small intestine, all preparations having a pH optimum of 6. 

Various workers have detected, in addition to soluble and particle-bound trehalases, multiple forms of trehalase in some organisms. Thus, Hill and Sussman found several peaks of trehalase activity when extracts of Neurospora crassa were purified on columns of DEAE-cellulose. These various peaks were similar with respect to substrate specificity and the effect of inhibitors. Multiple forms of trehalase have also been found in blowflies, by Friedman and Alexander, and in silkmoth, by Saito. ... 

As shown in Table II, trehalase has also been found in a number of mammalian species. Usually, the enzyme is localized in the microvilli of the intestine. This is not surprising, as most mammals undoubtedly ingest fairly large amounts of trehalose present in mushrooms, insects, or other organisms that store trehalose. However, trehalase activity has also been found in the renal, cortical tubules of a number of different mammals, as well as in the urine and serum of humans. However, trehalase does not appear to be present in rat serum or, at most, is present in very low levels. Weser, Flores, and Young injected [ C]trehalose into animals, and found very little carbon-14 in the carbon dioxide e]q[>ired (5-6 of the total). On the other hand, when [ C]maltose or [ C]-malto-oligosaccharides were injected intravenously, 60-65% of the radioactivity was released as [ C]carbon dioxide. 

There are other, as yet unexplained, anomalies in the biochemistry of trehalose, such as the presence of trehalase in human serum or human urine this is thought to be due to release of renal trehalase. Another problem is the presence of trehalase in insect intestine, although trehalose is rarely an appreciable component of the insect diet here, also, it has been speculated that trehalase is involved in the intestinal resorption of trehalose that has diffused from the hemolymph, through the gut wall, into the lumen. Obviously, more experimentation to ascertain the role of trehalose and its relation to trehalase activity is necessary before the function in these organisms can be understood. 

Iwata K., Katoh T, Morikawa Y, Aoshima K., Nishijo M., Teranishi H., and Kasuya M. (1988). Urinary trehalase activity as an indicator of kidney injury due to environmental oadmium exposure. Archives of Toxicology, 62, 435-439. 

Hybridization of a hyperderepressed strain and a normal strain of Neurospora crassa produced an increase in the level of aa-trehalase activity. ... 

The aa-trehalase activity of guinea-pig brush border membrane has been investigated. ... 

The midguts from Rhynchosciara americana larvae display an aa-trehalase activity which is soluble. The enzyme (mol. wt. 1.22 x 10 , pH optimum 6.0, p7 4.6, Km 0.67 mM for aa-trehalose, act 16.7 kcal mol 0 was not inhibited by thiol reagents. It was proposed that two carboxy-groups exist in the active site, one of them having a very high (8.3) pTTa value. The increase of the pilTa values of the essential groups of the free enzyme in the presence of increasing concentrations of dioxan supported this hypothesis. 

The production of amylolytic activity by a large number of Basidiomycetes has been investigated. Aphyllophorales and several strains of Trametinae and Coriolinae, but only a few strains of Agaricales, showed high amylolytic activity. These amylolytic activities did not correlate with aa-trehalase activity. 

The levels of aa-trehalase activity in jejunal biopsy specimens from normals and from patients with a deficiency of sucrose a-D-glucohydrolase-oligo-l,6-D-glucosidase ( sucrase-isomaltase ) have been compared." ... 

Among the Basidiomycetes, Trametes kusanoana exhibited high aa-trehalase and amylolytic activities, whereas some species of Agaricales and Poria placenta exhibited high aa-trehalase activity but no amylolytic activity. ... 

The lag phase precedes the log phase in a sugar-containing medium. It is marked by a rapid degradation of trehalose finked to an increase in trehalase activity. This activity is itself closely related to an increase in the amount of cAMP in the cytoplasm. This compound is produced by a membrane enzyme, adenylate cyclase, in response... 

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