Beef liver

Acetoin dehydrogenase [from beef liver acetoin NAD oxidoreductase] [9028-49-3] Mr 76000, [EC 1.1.1.5]. Purified via the acetone cake then Ca-phosphate gel filtration (unabsorbed), lyophilised and then fractionated through a DEAE-22 cellulose column. The Km for diacetyl in 40pM and for... 

Acyl-coenzyme A Synthase [from beef liver] [9013-18-7] 57,000, [EC 6.2.1.2]. 

Most of the common methods of isolation of heparin (described in sufficient detail in monographs128-30) are based on a procedure, developed by Charles and Scott,31 involving autolysis of the tissue (originally beef liver and beef lung), extraction with alkali, coagulation of proteins by heating, and precipitation of a heparin - protein complex by acidification. Heparin is recovered from the complex by reprecipitation with ethanol, or acetone, or both. Fats are removed by extraction with ethanol, and proteins by treatment with trypsin. Modifications of this proce-... 

The molecular masses of heme catalases are usually significantly higher as compared with peroxidases. If expressed in Lg-1s-1, rate constants for the Fem-TAML activators when compared with catalase from beef liver, which has a molecular weight 250,000 gmol-1 (Table IV, entry 13) (89), look very impressive, viz. 17 L g 1 s-1 for 11 vs. 22 L g 1 s 1 for the enzyme. Nevertheless, the catalase-like activity of the Fem-TAML activators can be suppressed by the addition of electron donors -it is negligible in the presence of the substrates tested in this work. In Nature, catalases display only minor peroxidase-like activity (79) because electron donors bulkier than H202 cannot access the deeply buried active sites of these massive enzymes (90). The comparatively unprotected Fem-TAML active sites are directly exposed to electron donors such that the overall behavior is determined by the inherent relative reactivity of the substrates. 

Rl. Racker, E., Glutathione reductase from bakers yeast and beef liver. J. Biol. Chem. 217, 855-865 (1955). 

A woman would need to eat more than 62 tons of beef liver to match the 125-mg DES dose given to pregnant women... 

J.-C. Brochon, P. Wahl, J. M. Jallon, and M. Iwatsubo, Pulse fluorimetry study of beef liver glutamate dehydrogenase-reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate complexes,... 

J. G. N. De Jong, H. van den Bosch, D. Rijken, L. L. M. van Deenen, Studies on Ly-sophospholipases. III. The Complete Purification of Two Proteins with Lysophopho-lipase Activity from Beef Liver , Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1974, 369, 50-63. 

N. G. Brink, Beef liver glucose dehydrogenase I. Puritication and properties, Acta Chem. Scand., 7(7), 1081-1097 (1953). 

The visible spectra of beef liver catalase (Type A) and its two active peroxide compounds are shown in Fig. 4. The unliganded enz5une has a Soret band at 405 nm (FmM/heme 120) and a characteristic visible... 

Fig. 4. Visible spectra of catalase, compound I, and compound II 5 [xM (heme) beef liver catalase (Boehringer-Mannheim) in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.4, 30°C. Compound I was formed by addition of a slight excess of peroxoacetic acid. Compound II was formed from peroxoacetic acid compound I by addition of a small excess of potassium ferrocyanide. Absorbance values are converted to extinction coefficients using 120 mM for the coefficient at 405 nm for the ferric enzyme (confirmed by alkaline pyridine hemochromogen formation). Spectra are corrected to 100% from occupancies of f 90% compound I, 10% ferric enzyme (steady state compound I) and 88% compound II, 12% compound I (steady state compound II). The extinction coefficients for the 500 to 720 nm range have been multiplied by 10. Unpublished experiments (P.N., 1999).

Changing the diet of a fish may change the behavior of conspecifics it interacts with subsequently. For instance, if one of a pair of male brown bullhead, I. nebulosus (a catfish), is removed from the tank and fed beef liver instead of the usual trout chow and then returned to his partner in their original tank, the resident will behave differently than if the same male is reintroduced without a diet change. The former tank mate is now a chemical stranger. The behavior changes include loss of territory and more activity by the smaller, manipulated fish and more aggression and activity by the resident fish. These diet-dependent odors are not specialized pheromones, and yet they are probably important social chemical cues in the natural territorial and dominance behavior of bullhead catfish. Body odor is the more appropriate term (Bryant and Atema, 1987). 

Azaguanosine 5 -mono-, di-, and triphosphates have been isolated from the soluble fractions of micro-organisms [98, 194-196] and of mouse tissues and neoplasms [101] and 8-azaguanylic acid was shown to be a substrate for the phosphokinases of hog kidney and beef liver [140]. 8-Azaguanosine mono-, di-, and triphosphates have also been synthesized chemically [138, 140b]. 

There are a number of "missing links" in the account. The authors said that "suspect hamburger was not available for culture." Later it was disclosed that nine samples were obtained by Holmberg and were received from South Dakota on April 11, 1983 by CDC. They were examined for the presence of Salmonella. No Salmonella were recovered from any of the specimens, which consisted of six samples of ground beef, two of beef liver and one of Swiss steak. These results were obtained by use of the Freedom of Information Act, and were made public in Food Chemical News, June 10, 1985, p. 45. The cattle feed was not analyzed for chlortetracycline. 

Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenases (from beef liver) have also been inactivated by the hydrate 21 [21]. 

Determination of B vitamers in beef liver, egg yolk, baby food... 

The first of these enzymes has been studied the most thoroughly. Its activity has been detected in many sources, and purified preparations have been obtained from calf and beef liver,348-349 rat tissues,3498 hen oviduct,350 pea seedlings,351 Cryptococcus laurentii,352 and Aerobacter aerogenes,353 Extensive purification of the liver enzyme was achieved.349... 

Sodium Ion. The excessive intake of sodium ion coming from other than NaCl should be noticed, though reduced intake of NaCl is now a matter of great concern. Monosodium glutamate (MSG), for instance, is a subject of discussion. Since MSG effectively provides umami taste, it has been very popular as a Japanese seasoning. In the United States, MSG has currently been mark as a cause of "Chinese restaurant syndrome". In addition, beef, liver, blood and their processed foods contains a large amount of sodium ion. Sine sodium ion combines with aspartic acid and glutamic acid residues in protein, study of affinity of acidic amino acids to sodium ion has to be set out first. 

Kennedy, M. C., Mendemueller, L., Blondin, G. A., and Beinert, H. (1992). Purification and characterization of cytosolic aconitase from beef liver and its relationship to the iron-responsive element binding protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 89, 11730. Knowles, R. G., Palacios, M., Palmer, R. M. j., and Moncada, S. (1989). Proc. Nad. Acad. 

Park, I. Ives, D.H. Kinetic mechanism and end-product regulation of deoxyguanosine kinase from beef liver mitochondria. J. Biochem., 117, 1058-1061 (1995)... 

The food factors suggested by the FDA for various edible products of different animal species are given in Table 11.2 In cattle, the food factor for muscle is 1.0 but it is 0.5 for liver. Because of the halving of the food factor for liver, the tolerance in this tissue is twice the value of the tolerance in muscle. The food factor for swine liver is 0.33, indicating that swine liver si consumed less than beef liver. Poultry kidney is not given a factor because its consumption is insignificant in the human diet and it is usually removed with the viscera. 

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