Toxicological assessment

Any possible risk in consuming irradiated meats or other irradiated foods would have to be associated with a significant formation of a radiolysis product with a potent chronic toxicity or genotoxicity potential. Based on the radiolytic 

The need to conduct such toxicological testing of each irradiated food is now obviated by the chemiclearance principle. Expounded in the early 1980s, it implies that similar foods that are similarly irradiated will respond radiolytically in the same way, so the chemical, microbiological and toxicological effects will be essentially equivalent [14, 61], Consequently, if in a generic class of foods 

That the radiolysis of triglycerides in meats involves a common set of radicals reacting to form stable products corresponding to their precursor fatty acids is shown by chromatographically analyzing product yields in relation to fat composition [14, 62, 63], Radicals other than those described and formed by C-O and C-C bond scission in the fetty acid chain lead to distinctive and predictable products. The acyl and acyloxy radicals can react by abstraction, combination, and even dissociation to produce corresponding alkyl radicals along with CO and CO2. The alkyl radical reaction possibilities, as shown in for the Ci7 radical, include abstraction, dimerization, and disproportionation, which forms a double bond at the terminal carbon  

It is instructive to see how the products of these reactions reflect commonality and substantiate the chemiclearance principle. 

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Principles for the Toxicological Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Food, IPCS Environmental Health Criteria Document No. 104, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Geneva, Switzedand, 1990, 117 pp. 

Discuss how the dose rcsponse/toxicological assessment step can be improved. 

Pearl GM, Livingston-Carr S, Durham SK. Integration of Computations Analysis as a Sentinel Tool in Toxicological Assessments. Curr Topics in Med Chem 2001 1 247-55. 

Predictions of no, or low, toxicity in a general drug screening approach should be used to indicate a possible absence of toxicity in potential drug candidates. Inevitably this would require further toxicological assessment of potential drugs to ensure safety. 

Arden, G. B. and F. M. Barker (1991). Canthaxanthin and the eye A critical ocular and toxicological assessment. J. Toxicol. Cutaneous Ocular Toxicol. 10 115-155. 

In addition to environmental and toxicological assessment of chemical additives in products, the socioeconomic valuation is of high interest, too. Environmental unpredictable degradation with a number of side effects is usually a negative... 

Toxicologic Assessment of the Army s Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Dispersion Tests (1997)... 

Ambrose, A.M., RS. Larson, J.F. Borzelleca, and G.R. Hennigar, Jr. 1976. Long term toxicologic assessment of nickel in rats and dogs. Jour. Food Sci. Technol. 13 181-187. 

Borthwick, P.W. and G.E. Walsh. 1981. Initial Toxicological Assessment of Ambush, Bolero, Bux, Dursban, Fentrifanil, Larvin, and Pydrin Static Acute Toxicity Tests with Selected Estuarine Algae, Invertebrates, and Fish. U.S. Environ. Protection Agen. Rep. 600/4-81-076. 20 pp. 

Middaugh, D.P., S.M. Resnick, S.E. Lantz, C.S. Heard, and J.G. Mueller. 1993. Toxicological assessment of biodegraded pentachlorophenol Microtox and fish embryos. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 24 165-172. 

Goldstein, J.A., J.D. McKinney, G.W. Lucier, P. Hickman, H. Bergman, and J.A. Moore. 1976. Toxicological assessment of hexachlorobiphenyl isomers and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran in chicks. II. Effects on drug metabolism and porphyrin accumulation. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 36 81-92. 

Yoshimura, H.,Y. Yonemoto, H. Yamada, N. Koga, K. Oguri, S. Saeki. 1987. Metabolism in vivo of 3,4,3, 4 -tetrachlorobiphenyl and toxicological assessment of the metabolites in rats. Xenobiotica 17 897-910. 

National Research Council (NRC), Board on Environmental Studies of Toxicology (BEST), Toxicologic assessment of jet-propulsion fuel-8, Washington, DC National Academy Press,... 

Pharmacological-Toxicological Assessment Section Centre for Biological Medicines and Medical Technology National Institute of Public and Environment... 

Dorato, M.A. and Vodicnik, M.J. (2001). The toxicological assessment of pharmaceutical and biotechnology products. In Principles and Methods of Toxicology, (Hayes, A.W., Ed.). Taylor Francis, Philadelphia, PA. 

The future of in vitro techniques in toxicological assessment takes us back to our introductory discussion of the philosophical and scientific considerations operating in the evolution of alternative methods. 

Kool HJ, van Kreijl CF, Zoeteman CJ. 1983. Toxicology assessment of organic compounds in drinking water. CRC Criterial Reviews in Environmental Control 12 307-357. 

Tattersall, M.L., Dymond, M., Hammond, T., and Valentin, J.P., Correction of QT values to allow for increases in heart rate in conscious beagle dogs in toxicology assessment, /. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Method, 53, 11-19, 2006. 

Kool HJ, Van Kreijl CF, Zoeteman BC. 1982. Toxicology assessment of organic compoimds in drinking water. CRC Crit Rev Environ Control 12 307-350. 

PSD. 1999. Methodology for the toxicological assessment of exposures from combinations of cholinesterase inhibiting compounds. Draft document. Medical and Toxicological Panel, Advisory Committee on Pesticides, Pesticides Safety Directorate, UK Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, April 19,1999. 

Hardin BD, Niemeier RW, Sikov MR, et al Reproductive-toxicologic assessment of the epoxides ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, and styrene oxide. Stand J Work Environ Health 9 94—102, 1983... 

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