Toxicological risk assessment

Physiologically based toxicokinetic models are nowadays used increasingly for toxicological risk assessment. These models are based on human physiology, and thus take into consideration the actual toxicokinetic processes more accurately than the one- or two-compartment models. In these models, all of the relevant information regarding absorption, distribution, biotransformarion, and elimination of a compound is utilized. The principles of physiologically based pharmaco/ toxicokinetic models are depicted in Fig. 5.41a and h. The... 

D. B. Clayson, D. Krewski, and I. Munro, Toxicological Risk Assessment, Boca Raton, FL., CRC Press, Inc., 1985. 

This last outcome was the starting point for the work to be done during the second part of the project. At this point, the different work packages focused on their topics, that is, in environmental fate, toxicology, risk assessment, life cycle assessment, and socioeconomic issues. The objective was to apply the different methodologies related to these fields of knowledge to the selected substances in order to assess the potential risk that they can pose to the human health and the environment. 

In the first part of this book, different models related to the assessment of the potential risk posed by the chemical additives are presented. These models come from different fields of expertise toxicology, risk assessment, chemicals fate and exposure, life cycle assessment, economics, etc. The potential benefits of the different models as well as their drawbacks are analyzed in order to select some of them for the application to particular case studies. 

Guzelian PS. 1992. The clinical toxicology of chlordecone as an example of toxicological risk assessment for man. Toxicol Lett 64/65 589-596. 

DeVita, W.M. and Crunkilton, R.L. 1998, Quality Control Associated with Use of Semipermeable Membrane Devices. In Environmental Toxicology Risk Assessment, Seventh Volume Little, E.E., Delonay, A.J., Greenberg, B.M., Eds. ASTM STP 1333 American Society for Testing and Materials West Conshocken, PA pp. 237-245. 

The magnitude of the dose is a function of the amount of chemical in the medium of contact, the rate of contact with the medium, the route of exposure, and other factors as well. Experts in exposure analysis use various means to estimate the dose incurred by individuals exposed to chemicals. Exposure analysis is one of the critical steps in toxicological risk assessment. 

Rodricks, J. V. and Reith, S. H. (1998) Toxicological risk assessment in the courtroom. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 27, 21-31. 

Toxicological Risk Assessments of Chemicals A Practical Guide... 

Its goal is to further the understanding of scientific issues relating to nutrition, food safety, toxicology, risk assessment, and the environment by bringing together scientists from academia, government, and industry. 

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