Townsend cell

At the age of 36, Dr. Baekeland used part of the "Velox" money to build a small laboratory adjacent to his home ("Snug Rock") at Yonkers, NY. His second major invention was an electrolytic cell for the production of chlorine and caustic soda. After successful pilot plant runs, this cell was used to establish the Hooker Chemical Co. at Niagara Falls, NY. It is of interest to note that his research associate, ().P. Townsend, who was coinventor of the "Townsend Cell" served as Baekeland s patent attorney for many years. 

Figure 5. Townsend cell (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 8. Copyright 1912 Edward Arnold).

Townsend L, Devivar R, Turk S, Nassiri M, Drach J (1995) Design, synthesis, and antiviral activity of certain 2,5,6-trihalo-l-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazoles. J Med Chem 38 4098 105 Turlure F, Devroe E, Silver PA, Engelman A (2004) Human cell proteins and human immunodeficiency virus DNA integration. Front Biosd 9 3187-3208 Umehara T, Fukuda K, Nishikawa F, Kohara M, Hasegawa T, NisUkawa S (2005) Rational design of dual-functional aptamers that inhibit the protease and helicase activities of HCV NS3. J Biochem 137 339-347... 

Townsend GT, JM Suflita (1996) Characterization of chloroethylene dehalogenation by cell extracts of Desulfomonile tiedjei and its relationship to chlorobenzoate dehalogenation. Appl Environ Microbiol 62 2850-2853. 

Page, M. J., Amess, B., Townsend, R. R., Parekh, R., Herath, A., Brusten, L., Zvelebil, M. J., Stein, R. C., Waterfield, M. D., Davies, S. C., and O Hare, M. J. (1999). Proteomic definition of normal human luminal and myoepithelial breast cells purified from reduction mammoplasties. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 12589-12594. 

Gerecht S, Burdick JA, Ferreira LS, Townsend SA, Langer R, Vunjak-Novakovic G (2007) Hyaluronic acid hydrogen for controlled self-renewal and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104 11298-11303. 

Glimcher LH, Townsend MJ, Sullivan BM, Lord GM Recent developments in the transcriptional regulation of cytolytic effector cells. Nat Rev Immunol 2004 4 900-911. 

Mukherjee S, Trivedi P, Dorfman DM, Klein G, and Townsend A (1998) Murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize an epitope in an EBNA-1 fragment, but fail to lyse EBNA-1-expressing mouse cells. J. Exp. Med. 187 445—450. 

Adam PJ, Boyd R, Tyson KL, Fletcher GC, Stamps A, Hudson L, Poyser HR, Redpath N, Griffiths M, Steers G, Harris AL, Patel S, Berry J, Loader JA, Townsend RR, Daviet L, Legrain P, Parekh R, Terrett JA. Comprehensive proteomic analysis of breast cancer cell membranes reveals unique proteins with potential roles in clinical cancer. J Biol Chem 2003 278 6482-6489. 

Ishizuka J, Beauchamp RD, Townsend CM Jr, Greeley GH Jr, Thompson JC. Receptor-mediated autocrine growth-stimulatory effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine on cultured human pancreatic carcinoid cells. J Cell Physiol 1992 150 1-7. 

Kemp, R.B., Belicic-Kolsek, A., Hoare, S., Schmalfeldt, M., Townsend, C., Evans, PM. (1995). A thermochemical study of metabolic pathways in activated and triggered 2C11-12 mouse macrophage hybridoma cells. Thermochim. Acta 250,259-276. 

Townsend, G.E., II, Forsberg, L.S., Keating, D.H. Mesorhizobium loti produces nodPQ-dependent sulfated cell surface polysaccharides. J Bacteriol 188 (2006) 8560-8572. 

S. Kurtz, D. Myers, T. Townsend, C. Whitaker, A. Maish, R. Hulstrom, and K. Emery, Outdoor rating conditions for photovoltaic modules and systems. Solar Energy Materials Solar Cells 62 379 (2000). 

Walsh DM, Klyubin I, Shankar GM, Townsend M, Fadeeva JV, Betts V, Podlisny MB, Qeary JP, Ashe KH, Rowan MJ, Selkoe DJ (2005) The role of cell-derived oligomers of Abeta in Alzheimer s disease and avenues for therapeutic intervention. Biochem Soc Trans 33 1087-1090... 

Morris KJ, Townsend KMS, Batchelor AL. 1989. Studies of alveolar cell morphometry and mass clearance in the rat lung following inhalation of an enriched uranium dioxide aerosol. Radiat Environ Biophys 28 141-154. 

Guan L, Townsend R, Eisenstein TK, Adler MW, Rogers TJ (1994) Both T cells and macrophages are targets of K-opioid-induced immunosuppression. Brain Behav hnmun 8 229—240. 

Cancer is a disease involving an increased rate of division and muitiplicaticm of a particular type of cell. In one type of cancer, an increased n imber of l-cc]ls in the pancreas may result in overproduction of insulin. Would you expect the brain to have a deficient or overabundant Supply of energy (See Townsend and Thompson (19S5).)... 

Townsend DM, Deng M, Zhang L, Lapus MG, and Flanigan MFI. Metabolism of Cisplatin to a nephrotoxin in proximal tubule cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 14 1-10,2003. 

D. R. Lilliongton and W. G. Townsend, Effects of interfacial oxide layers on the performance of sihcon Schottky-barrier solar cells, Appl. Phys. Lett. 28(2), 97, 1976. 

Diah, S.K., Smitherman, P.K., Aldridge, f., Volk, E.L., Schneider, E., Townsend, A.f. et al. (2001) Resistance to mitoxantrone in multidrug-resistant MCE7 breast cancer cells evaluation of mitoxantrone transport and the role of multidmg resistance protein family proteins. Cancer Research, 61 (14), 5461-5467. 

Townsend E et al. (1992) Reversible depigmentation of human melanoma cells by halistanol trisulphate, a novel marine sterol. Melanoma Res l(5-6) 349-357... 

Levine, L., J.A. Lucci, 3rd, B. Pazdrak, J.Z. Cheng, Y.S. Guo, C.M. Townsend, Jr., and M.R. Hellmich. Bombesin stimulates nuclear factor kappa B activation and expression of proangiogenic factors in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 63 3495-502, 2003. 

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