Hooker Chemical

Ben trif/uoride, data sheet no. 778-D, Hooker Chemical Corp., Niagara EaUs, N.Y., 1969. 

Many processes have been used to produce tetrachloroethylene. One of the first was chlorination of acetylene (C2H2) to form tetrachloroethane, followed by dehydrochlorination to trichloroethylene. If tetrachloroethylene was desired, the trichloroethylene was further chlorinated to pentachloroethane and dehydrochlorinated. This process is no longer used in the United States Hooker Chemical closed down the last plant in 1978. 

In the 1930s, the Raschig Co. in Germany developed a different chlorobenzene-phenol process in which steam with a calcium phosphate catalyst was used to hydrolyze chlorobenzene to produce phenol (qv) and HCl (6). The recovered HCl reacts with air and benzene over a copper catalyst (Deacon Catalyst) to produce chlorobenzene and water (7,8). In the United States, a similar process was developed by the BakeHte Division of Union Carbide Corp., which operated for many years. The Durez Co. Hcensed the Raschig process and built a plant in the United States which was later taken over by the Hooker Chemical Corp. who made significant process improvements. 

The first systematic study of the reaction of chlorine with toluene was carried out in 1866 by Bedstein and Geitner. During the next 40 years, many studies were performed to isolate and identify the various chlorination products (1). During the early 1930s, Hooker Electrochemical Co. (Hooker Chemicals Plastics Corp.) and the Heyden Chemical Corp. (Tenneco) began the manufacture of chlorotoluenes. Hooker Electrochemical Co. was later acquired by Occidental Petroleum Corp. and became the Occidental Chemical Corp. In the mid-1970s, Heyden exited chlorotoluenes production Occidental thus is the sole U.S. producer of chlorotoluenes. 

Ring-Chlorinated Toluenes" under "Chlorocarbons, Chlorohydrocarbons" in ECT3rd ed., Vol. 5, pp. 819—827, by S. Gelfand, Hooker Chemical Plastics Corp. 

Benzyl Chloride, Benzal Chloride, and Benzotrichloride" under "Chlorine Compounds, Organic" ia ECT 1st ed., Vol. 3, pp. 822—826 by R. L. Clark and C. P. Neidig, Heyden Chemical Corp. "Benzyl Chloride, Benzal Chloride, and Benzotrichloride" under "Chlorocarbons and Chlorohydrocarbons" ia ECT 2ad ed., Vol. 5, pp. 281—289, by H. Sidi, Heydea Newport Chemical Corp. "Benzyl Chloride, Benzal Chloride, and Benzotrichloride" under "Chlorocarbons,-Hydrocarbons (Benzyl)" ia ECT 3rd ed., Vol. 5, pp. 828—837, by S. Gelfand, Hooker Chemical Corp. 

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