Dorsal-ventral

Development of a multicellular organism presents the most complex regulatory challenge. The fate of cells in the early embryo is determined by establishment of anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral gradients... 

Schmidt, J. E., Suzuki, A, Ueno, N., and Kimehnan D (1995) Localized BMP-4 mediates dorsal/ventral patterning in the early Xenopus embryo Dev Biol 169, 37-50. 

Suzuki, A, Thies, R S, Yamaji, N, Song, J. J., Wozuey, J. M., Murakami, K., and Ueno, N (1994) A truncated bone morphogenetic protein receptor affects dorsal-ventral patterning m the early Xenopus embryo Proc Natl Acad. Set USA 91, 10,255-10,259... 

Fig. 4. (continued) (c) Projection of the five compartmental boundaries onto the fate map26 of the third instar wing disc. The dotted line 4 is the postulated compartmental line in the ventral thorax needed to complete the anterior-posterior, dorsal-ventral (twofold) symmetry. 

RNAi RNA interference shRNA small-hairpin RNA GFP green fluorescent protein DMA digital manipulator arm SAS stereotaxic alignment system AP anterior/posterior ML medial/lateral DV dorsal/ventral i.p. intraperitoneally s.c. subcutaneously VTA Ventral tegmental area... 

Rice, A. H. and Duffy, J. B. (2001). Characterization of baldspot, a putative gene involved in dorsal-ventral patterning during Drosophila oogenesis. A. Dros. Res. Conf., 42, 661 A. 

Anderson, K.V., Bokla, L., Nusslein-Volhard, C. Establishment of dorsal-ventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo-, the induction of polarity by the Toll gene product. Cell 42 (1985) 791-798. Baetz, A., Frey, M., Heeg, K., Dalpke, A.H. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins indirectly regulate toll-like receptor signaling in innate immune cells. J Biol Chem 279 (2004) 54708-54715. 

Morisato, D., Anderson, K.V. Signaling pathways that establish the dorsal-ventral pattern of the Drosophila embryo. Annu Rev Genet 1995, 29 371-399. 

Hashimoto, C., Hudson, K.L., Anderson, K.V. The Toll gene of Drosophila, required for dorsal-ventral embryonic polarity, appears to encode a transmembrane protein. Cell 52 (1988) 269-279. 

Doniger GM, Foxe JJ, Murrary MM, Higgins BA, Javitt DC. 2002. Impaired visual object recognition and dorsal/ventral stream interaction in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 59 1011-1020. 

The upper respiratory tract, particularly the nose, has a unique anatomy that performs normal physiologic functions as well as innate defense against inhaled toxicants. The nose extends from the nostrils to the pharynx. Inspired air enters the nose through the nostrils. The nasal cavity is divided longitudinally by a septum into two nasal compartments. In most mammalian species, each nasal cavity is divided into a dorsal, ventral, and middle (lateral) meatus by two turbinate bones, the nasoturbinate and maxilloturbinate. These turbinates project from the dorsolateral and ventrolateral wall of the cavity, respectively. In the posterior portion of the nose, the ethmoid recess contains the ethmoturbinate. The nasal cavity is lined by a vascular mucosa that consists of four distinct types of epithelia. In rodents, these epithelia are (1) the stratified squamous epithelium that lines the nasal vestibule and the floor of the ventral meatus in the anterior portion of the nose (2) the non-ciliated, pseudostratified, transitional epithelium that lies between the squamous epithelium and the respiratory epithelium and lines the lateral meatus (3) the ciliated respiratory epithelium that lines the remainder of the nasal cavity anterior and ventral to the olfactory epithelium and (4) the olfactory epithelium (neuroepithelium) that lines the dorsal meatus and ethmoturbinates in the caudal portion of the nose. The relative abundance and exact locations of these upper respiratory epithelium differ among mammalian species. 

Gonzalez A, Chaouiya C, Thieffry D. Dynamical analysis of the regulatory network defining the dorsal-ventral boundary of the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. Genetics 2006 174 1625-1634. 96. 

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