Tissue culture carrot

DC036 Neuman, K. H., A. Schafer, and ]. Blaschke. Investigation on differentiation and enzyme activity of carrot tissue cultures. Planta Med Suppl 1975 188. 

Bender, L., and K. H. Neumann. Investigation on the indole-3-acetic acid metabolism of carrot tissue cultures (Daucus carota). Z Pflanzenphysiol 1978 88 209. 

The wall material of plant cells is one of their distinguishing characteristics. As a result, lignin, cellulose, and other wall constituents have been studied in many plant tissue cultures. Phenylpropanoids. for example, have been shown lo be precursors of lignin formation in while pine. Set/noiii. lilac, rose, carrot, and geranium tissue cultures. Moreover, the biosynthesis of lignin has been shown to be alTeeted by kinetin. boron, and major elements, such as calcium. 

An enzyme system from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is able to incorporate isoprenoid precursors into the C30 phytoene analogue (200) only in the presence of Mn and absence of NADPH. If NAD PH is present and Mn is replaced by Mg, the sterol precursor squalene (201) is produced.The substrate specificity of the chloroplast enzyme violaxanthin deepoxidase has been examined.In addition to the normal substrate violaxanthin [(35,5/ ,65,3 5,5 i ,6 5)- 5,6,5, 6 -diepoxy-5,6,5, 6 -tetrahydro-/3,j8-carotene-3,3-diol, (196)] several all-trans-monoepoxy-carotenoids, such as anthera-xanthin [5,6-epoxy-5,6-dihydro-/3,/3-carotene-3,3 -diol (197)], diadinoxanthin [5,6-epoxy-7, 8 -didehydro-5,6-dihydro-j8, 8-carotene-3,3 -diol (198)], and /3-cryptoxanthin epoxide [5,6-epoxy-5,6-dihydro-/3,/3-caroten-3-ol (199)], all with the 38,5R,6S) configuration, were utilized. Violeoxanthin (9-cis-violaxanthin) and other 9-cis-isomers were not affected. A carrot Daucus carota) tissue culture has been shown to incorporate [ C]acetate into carotenoids. ... 

Few recent studies have been made on alkyne biosynthesis. Crepenynic acid has been shown to be a precursor of C9 to C14 polyalkynes in fungal cultures, and was also demonstrated to be a precursor of falcarinol cf 4, falcarinone) in tissue cultures of Daucus car Ota (carrot). (14-Z)-14,15-didehydrocrepenynic acid (67, Figure 10) is predominately converted into 68 by fungi of Lepista spp whereas Caprinis spp yield 69. ... 

Tissue-culture techniques present a number of novel problems. For example, different cultures of carrot tissue gave in one case )5-carotene (103) and in the... 

In studies on the biosynthesis of cell-wall polysaccharides in cultured carrot cells, D-glucose was only incorporated into the neutral sugar residues, particularly cellulose, whereas myo-inositol appeared in the uronic acid and pentose residues. " An increase in cellulose content was observed during the thickening of the cell walls of parenchymous tissue of Discorea dumetorum tubers during storage. 

Characterization of the Thioredoxins of y-1 Investigations of carrot tissue culture suggested that there was some difference between green and yellow callus tissues (8), but the situation with physiological tissues is less clear. We investigated the thioredoxins of Chlamydomonas y-1 to address the question of whether the presence of thioredoxin m or f was correlated with the presence of chlorophyll. 

Certain parasitic plants, species of dodders (Cuscuta spp.), synthesize carotenoids, and plant tissue cultures of carrot tissue have been found to contain carotenoids (Goodwin, 1976). 

Stimulation of efflux is an important component of auxin action in many plant tissues [26]. A recent report indicates that active auxins directly stimulate a plasma membrane NADH oxidase from soybean hypocotyls. Enzyme from tissue which had completed elongation was no longer stimulable [27]. NADH oxidase is implicated in an electron transport-driven -efflux across the plasma membrane, a mechanism which co-exists with -pumping ATPases and, for cultured carrot cells, predominates specifically in young cells [28]. Because BA hyperpolarized the cell membrane and stimulated efflux in squash cotyledons, it was suggested that... 

Cytokinins were found by bioassay of extracts of cambial scrapings (Bottom-ley et al. 1963) and of the inner bark of Populus trees (Nitsch and Nitsch 1965). The latter authors had guessed that Populus cambial zone would contain cytokinins because it was well known as a source of Gautheret s (1959) cambial tissue cultures, which did not require added cytokinin for growth. Data of Letham (1967) support the view that carrot cambium contains more cytokinin than does phloem or xylem, as Jacobs (p 127, 1979) pointed out. Rogozinska (1967), studying Scots pine, also reported cytokinin activity from extracts of bark + cambium . 

Butenko RG, Strogonov BP, Babaeva JA (1967 Somatic embryogenesis in carrot tissue cultures under conditions of high salt concentration in the medium. Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 175 1179-1181... 

Sussex IM (1972) Somatic embryos in long-term carrot tissue cultures Histology, cytology, and development. Phytomorphology 22 50-59 Taiz L, Jones RL (1970) Gibberellic acid, -1,3-glucanase and the cell walls of barley aleurone layers. Planta (Berl) 92 73-84... 

Barley, G.C., Jones, E.R.H. and Thaller, V. (1988) Crepenynate as a precursor of falcarinol in carrot tissue culture. In J. Lam, H. Breteler, T. Arnason et al. (eds). Chemistry and Biology of Naturally-Occurring Acetylenes and Related Compounds (NOARC). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 85-91. 

Effect of temperature on metabolic rates of (A) cultured carrot cells ( ) and root sections ( ) and (B) cultured tomato cells ( ) and leaf sections (a). Tomato cells and leaf tissue were from leaf explants of a L. esculentum/L. pyruvanlam hybrid. Carrot cells were a diploid line of wild carrot, Dacus carrota. Carrot root tissue was purchased at a local market. 

Thorsteinson KE, Woyln DJ. Simultaneous purification of chloroplast and mitochondrial DN A without isolation of intact organelles from green carrot tissue and suspension cultures. Plant Mol Biol Report 1994 12 26-36. 

Bar Nun. Identification of the major anthocyanin of carrot cells in tissue DC135 culture as cyanidin 3 (sinapoylxylo sylglucosylgalactoside). Z Naturforsch Ser 1983 C38(ll/12) 1055-1056. 

Cloning. Asexual propagation (cloning) of plants ordinarily occurs by virture of the ability of embryonic meristematic tissue to differentiate into roots and shoots. If isolated phloem cells or other more differentiated cells are cultured, the result is often the formation of a callus, a dedifferentiated mass of cells somewhat reminiscent of embryonic cells. Under proper conditions, e.g., in a coconut milk culture and in the presence of the correct auxin-to-cytokinin ratio, some carrot root phloem cells revert to embyronic cells and develop into intact plants.99 This experiment provided proof that the differentiated carrot phloem cells... 

Ozeki, Y. and Komamine, A. 1985. Effect of inoculum density, zeatin and sucrose on anthocyanin accumulation in carrot suspension cultures. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 5, 45-53. 

Problems associated with identification of specific regulatory mechanisms can be illustrated by a brief consideration of changes in the apparent levels of aspartate kinase during plant growth. Aspartate kinase extracted from whole carrot roots, freshly sliced root tissue, or recently subcultured cell suspensions is predominantly sensitive to inhibition by the pathway product, threonine. However, when root slices are incubated in a growth stimulating medium or when suspension cultures are allowed to grow for a period of time, the bulk of the extractable aspartate kinase activity is sensitive to... 

Individual measurement of all five tryptophan pathway enzymes have been reported from tobacco and carrot cell cultures, wheat, corn, and peas (Widholm, 1973 Singh and Widholm, 1974 Hankinsa/, 1976). The relative amounts of the enzymes assayed in vitro differ with the various sources. However, Singh and Widholm (1974) reported extractable quantities of each enzyme in wheat, regardless of the tissue source or plant age, sufficient to synthesize the amount of tryptophan present within the same tissue in 48 h. No in vitro aggregation of any of the tryptophan branch enzymes was ob-... 

In a recent review Cote and Crain [5] have pointed to three phenomena which they thought particularly convenient to study the physiological role of phosphoinositides in plants. These were 1) the turgor changes in stomatal guard cells, paiticulaiiy after a treatment with abscisic acid which provokes the closure of stomata, 2) the osmotic stress in Dunaliella salina or carrot cell cultures and 3) the deflagellation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii after exposure of the alga to acid pH, elevated temperature or ethanol. Nevertheless the rates of apparition of inositolphosphates after stimulation have been found very different in various plant tissues (from 30 sec to 30 min). 

---