Time frame definition

The latest consensus on the definition and management [1] of anaphylaxis agrees on the lack of imiversally accepted diagnostic criteria and reliable laboratory biomarkers to confirm the clinical impression. Sometimes it is not feasible to obtain the samples within the optimum time frame. Moreover, in spite of a correct collection of samples, histamine and/or tryptase are within normal levels. Hence, new markers should be explored and further research into the role of selected mediators is urgently needed. Recently however, studies from animal models have shown promising results. In this chapter we will seek to review our current knowledge on confirmed or putative markers for the in vitro diagnosis of anaphylaxis. 

Deuteration studies with acetic acid-d4 (99.5% atom D) as the carboxylic acid building block, ruthenium(IV) oxide plus methyl iodide-d3 as catalyst couple and 1/1 (C0/H2) syngas, were less definitive (see Table III). Typical samples of propionic and butyric acid products, isolated by distillation in vacuo and glc trapping, and analyzed by NMR, indicated considerable scrambling had occurred within the time frame of the acid homologation reaction. 

Note that definitions of pyrophoric from other sources may specify a time frame, usually seconds or minutes, within which ignition must be observed.]... 

Priority evaluation status does not give a definite, shorter evaluation period. Rather, the application is simply moved ahead in the queue of applications under evaluation. Discussions are currently underway to define a priority evaluation time frame and broaden the criteria for priority status. 

It is clear that in addition to thermodynamic models, kinetic mass transfer models can bring about some additional information that is required for a better definition of the system. In this context, natural analogues provide some of the required scale and time-frames necessary for the testing of kinetic mass transfer models and the Cigar Lake ore deposit is probably the better constrained for such an exercise. 

The transitions between the bottom five phases of Fig. 2 may occur close to equilibrium and can be described as thermodynamic first order transitions (Ehrenfest definition 17)). The transitions to and from the glassy states are limited to the corresponding pairs of mobile and solid phases. In a given time frame, they approach a second order transition (no heat or entropy of transition, but a jump in heat capacity, see Fig. 1). 

Another important feature of the classification system for nuclear fuel-cycle wastes in the United States is the definition of low-level waste only by exclusion there is no definition of what low-level waste is, only a definition of what it is not. As a result, in contrast to the earliest descriptions of low-level waste prior to the establishment of definitions in law, this class is not restricted to waste that contains relatively low concentrations of radionuclides compared with high-level waste. Rather, low-level waste can range from virtually innocuous to highly hazardous over long time frames. 

Some wastes are defined by exclusion (i.e., by what they are not), not on the basis of their properties or associated risks. Low-level radioactive waste is defined as waste that is not high-level waste, spent fuel, transuranic waste, or uranium or thorium mill tailings. Because the excluded wastes are defined by their source, rather than their properties, the definition of low-level waste is not based on properties of the waste and wastes in this class can vary from essentially innocuous to highly hazardous over long time frames. 

This observation is one of the most common received relative to OOS investigations and deviations. A comprehensive investigation may have been performed and a definitive cause found for the aberrant data, but there is no documented system in place to ensure that the corrective action committed to in the investigation report will be effected in its entirety and in the allotted time frame. 

Effective April 6, 1998, the FDA changed definitions associated with adverse experience reporting and the time frame for when IND safety reports must be provided to the FDA in relation to their occurrence. 

CAS nomenclature in general accords with lUPAC principles and can be considered a special case of it, but because CAS needs to arrive at a unique name for each substance, its rules are more definitive. In addition, CAS (in consultation with the American Chemical Society nomenclature committees) has to operate on a short time frame, and often has to introduce names in areas where lUPAC has not yet formulated policy. Occasionally the lUPAC rules, when published, may differ from what CAS has already done, and CAS may not adopt lUPAC recommendations when they are eventually published. (For a fuller account, see Fox and Powell, pp. 6-7.)... 

Even the best-known temporal definition of SD, that of the Brunddand Report (Brunddand 1987), speaks vaguely of future generadons in most other cases the dme frame of SD is indefinite. The most common implicit time frame within which SD is discussed is tied to political processes and cycles. However, it is often hidden and can lead to different interpretadons. 

For the ultimate goal of GLP, the reconstructability of a study, it is important that it is known in a clear-cut and definitely fixed manner, how the study had been intended to be run. The original design of the study, the reasons for it, the intended investigations and their time frames of conduct, the proposed start and end of the study, all these and more details have to be fixed beforehand, so that the actual study conduct can be checked against the intentions of the Study Director. Only good planning will really turn a simple study into a quality study , fit for use in the determination and assessment of product safety. 

No matter what definition we employ, the underlying feature that differentiates intelligent materials from more conventional ones is their dynamic character. Without such character, there can be no intelligence. However, this character must be controllable, and the time frame within which it responds must be appropriate if truly intelligent behavior is to be realized. If it is too slow, it may have no practical application. If it is too fast, it may be useless, or even dangerous. 

Regardless, a project team is formed to produce a definite set of deliverables within a certain time frame for a specified cost (budget). The project team is led by a project manager, who is responsible for ensuring that the objectives of the project are achieved on time and within budget. 

Substantial risk information that must be reported to EPA must be submitted immediately, a term that has no statutory definition in TSCA. In its 2003 Reporting Guidance, EPA stated that a person has immediately informed the Administrator if human health information is received by the EPA not later than the thirtieth calendar day after the date the person obtained such information. The EPA has said it is not sufficient for the submittal to be postmarked within thirty days, and it is up to the submitter to ensure that the EPA receives it within the required time frame. Emergency incidents of environmental contamination must be reported to the EPA by telephone as soon as the person has knowledge of the incident. That could be on the order of minutes or hours, but it would be difficult to argue that waiting a full day is contemplated. If the information is required to be, and has been, reported under another statute administered by EPA, such as CERCEA, the TSCA 8(e) report is unnecessary. Any supplementary information must also be reported immediately. 

The scope, assumptions, description of data quality, methodologies and output of LCA studies have to be transparent. LCA studies should discuss and document the data sources and be clearly an appropriately conununicated. The depth of detail and time frame of an LCA study may vary to a large extent, depending on the definition of goal and scope. Therefore results of different studies can hardly be compared to each other. The quality of the database determines the quality of the LCA. 

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